Isu tese takaverenga nezvemashiripiti pane imwe nguva. Munguva pfupi inotevera, muverengi anoziva kuti kune nyika inoshamisa umo varume vanokwanisa kufambisa zvinhu nepfungwa, kutonhora nzizi nekurova, kana kufungidzira zvinhu pasina kwazvinosvika. Isu tese tinorota nyika iyo, pane imwe nguva muhupenyu, mwari wamwarikadzi anosvika uye anotipa isu simba rekuita chero chinhu chatinoda nekubata kweminwe yedu.
Kubva kutanga kwenguva munhu wenyama anga achida kutora pini yesimba remashiripiti; zvinototaurwa nezvayo mubhaibheri revaroyi. Varoyi vaFarao pavakakanda pasi tsvimbo dzavo dzikashanduka kuita nyoka kuti vese vaone.
Chii chinonzi mashiripiti?
Mashiripiti sainzi yakavanzwaIyo pachayo, ndiyo nzira iyo munhu, kungave kuburikidza nekunyepedzera, kurohwa kweshamhu, mashiripiti, huroyi hwemazwi kana chimwe chinhu chakadai, anokwanisa kuronga zvakasikwa mitemo nenzira yake. Pedzisa zvinhu zvinoshamisa uye zvisina kujairika sekutsakatika uye kuoneka kwevanhu kana iye amene, kubhururuka kana kuburitsa. Inogona zvakare kunzwisiswa seye speculum, uko kunoitwa hunyengeri hunoshamisa kana zvechitendero mune zvinoitwa zvitema kuitira kukwezva vanhu kubva kurufu.
Kwakatangira mashiripiti
Mashiripiti ane mavambo ayo muvaIjipita, pakawanikwa mupumburu unoratidzira hunyengeri, apo n'anga yaigura musoro wehosi, yaibva yataura mazwi mashoma uye hanzi yaizodzoka kuupenyu ichifamba sekunge pasina chaitika. Gare gare yakatorwa kune tsika yeCelt uye maGreek. Pakutanga yaishandiswa kufambisa vanhu uye kuchengetedza simba, ichikonzera kutya; kunyengedza uye kubiridzira vanhu.
Munguva dzekare n'anga vaive vapristi, vadzidzi vealchemy uye vakaishandisa mumhemberero kuti vagutsikane vanhu nezvesimba risinganzwisisike ravamwari kuitira kuti vape mutero, wavakagara.
MuMiddle Ages, mashiripiti aionekwa sevaroyi vanoita pacts nadhiyabhorosi. Naizvozvo vakatambudzwa uye vakapiswa mumigwagwa. Mazana emakore gare gare kuGirisi neRoma kufamba kwakabuda kwakaratidza mhando nyowani yemasvikiro, varoyi vakaratidzirwa sevanhu vanokwezva muchiratidziro. Uye iri muzana ramakore regumi nemanomwe apo chiito chemashiripiti ehunyanzvi chinoratidzwa kekutanga pakati pevaraidzo, nechiratidziro chakavhurika kuruzhinji, asi zviri kusvika muzana ramakore rinotevera, pavakatanga kuzvitora zvakanyanya, vachipora mukurumbira wavo sevanyori uye vakakwanisa kuwana mari inobhadharwa kubva kumitambo. Ndiyo panguva ino pakaumbwa n'anga dzakakurumbira.
Mashiripiti nesainzi
Sezvo munzira dzakawanda mashiripiti isainzi zvakare, inozivikanwa senzvimbo yesainzi yemashiripiti. Alchemy, iyo yaimbonzi mashura ekare. Pakutanga yakabva kuzviuru zvemakore munguva yakapfuura. Zvikoro zvaidzidzisa sainzi iyi kuvadzidzi vazvo zvaizivikanwa kubva kuEgypt yekare. Vanachiremba vakarairwa mune alchemy; zvakare n'anga uye, nguva nenguva, vana pharao pachavo.
Chitendero chake chikuru, kana kuda kwake kukuru, kwaive kuendesa simbi dzakasiyana mugoridhe. Uye kunyangwe tichizviona sechimwe chinhu chemashiripiti, sezvo alchemy yakasanganisa matavi ese ari maviri, chokwadi ndechekuti ine hwaro hwesainzi.
Semuenzaniso: Lead yaive simbi par kugona kushanda nayo, kubvira pakuita kuverenga, zvaingodiwa chete kubvisa matatu maatomu ayo makumi mairi nesere kuti ive simbi yakakosha.
Ivo zvakare vakatsvaga kuti vawane kuumbwa kweanozivikanwa "Dombo reMuzivi." Dombo dzvuku iro raibvumidza kwete chete kungoshandura simbi dzese kuita goridhe, asiwo distill the elixir yehupenyu hwakareba. Pamasayendisiti ane mukurumbira, mumwe wevakuru aive Nicolas Flamel, anozivikanwa nekubudirira mukugadzira dombo iri, uye ngano iyi yakachengetedzwa nekuti, kunyangwe akafa munenge muna 1400 AD, paakavhura guva rake vakawana kuti raive isina chinhu zvachose.
Elements mune alchemy
Sezvakaita nemashiripiti, izvo zvinhu zvakare zvakakosha kwazvo mune alchemical arts. Izvo zvakafanana izvo zvatakaziva nekusingaperi.
- Mhepo: Inotorwa kubva kuoxygen pachayo uye inoshandiswa mukuchinja kwakasiyana siyana kwemakemikari, chinhu ichi chaitendwa kuti chakabatana nekunzwisisa uye kuti chaigona kuvhura nekukudza pfungwa dzako nepfungwa dzako nenzira yaizoita kuti zvive nyore kwauri kuti uwane ruzivo.
- Mvura: Nechi chinhu ichi zvese zviedzo zvealchemical zvakaitwa. Zvakare masayendisiti aive nemvura yavo yekushanda nayo, anozivikanwa saaguaviva, iyo yaive mhando yemvura yakachena kupfuura yaizivikanwa, uye yavakamwaya kuburikidza neruzivo rwavo. Yakasimudzira kunzwira tsitsi, kunzwira tsitsi uye unyoro; pamwe nekukwanisa kuve nehukama hwepamoyo hukama.
- Moto: Raive simba rekupindura uye iro raibvumidza zvese kuti zviitike. Yakanga yakasungirirwa pakuzvifunga-kwavo, kushingaira, uye kushanda nesimba.
- Pasi: Yaimiririra kuda, kudzikama, uye kuvimba. Iwo aive mamineral akashandiswa mukuita uye izvo zvakabvumidzwa kurapwa uye kushandiswa mukuyedza kwake.
- Ether: Zvakare kuzivikanwa se "mweya" yaimiririra simba rehupenyu riripo muchadenga. Yakanga yakasungirirwa kuchinhu chaicho chehupenyu.
Anozivikanwa masayendisiti
- Nicholas Flamel: Zvataurwa pamusoro apa, aive nyanzvi yezvechemishonga inonzi ndiye akagadzira dombo remuzivi, mukuwedzera pakukwanisa, saka, kupedzisa kudzidza kwekutenderera kwesimbi.
- Paracelsus: Nyanzvi yemakemikari inonziwo yakashandura lead kuti ive goridhe. Zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvekurapa zvinonzi zvakamunakira. Aivewo wekutanga kuona hurwere hwekushanda zvakawandisa.
- Isaac Newton: Kunyangwe rake alchemical basa risinganyatso kuzivikanwa nezve uyu musayendisiti, akashanda zvakanyanya nealchemy kupfuura zvaakaita nefizikiki. Kunyangwe dzidziso dzake maererano nemutemo wegiravhiti, akavabatanidza nekutenda kubasa rake nealchemy.
Mazuva ano mashiripiti
Kana tichitaura nezvemashiripiti ezvenguva ino, munhu haangatadze kutaura nezvaRobert Houdin, muFrench anonyengera, uyo anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye baba wemashiripiti pakutanga kwenguva ino yemazuvano, akaramba vanyengeri vainyepedzera kuzvitenda ivo vamwari uye vachikurudzira tsika yekunyepedzera. muzviratidziro pamapuratifomu, vachishandisa tuxedo ine mukurumbira, iyo yaipa mweya wekirasi uye kugona, sezvo zviito zvakapihwa nzanga yepamusoro.
Mumwe wevaroyi vane mukurumbira, anozivikanwa pasirese kubva panguva yake kusvika nanhasi ndiHarry houdini ane mukurumbira, uyo akatora zita rake remuchadenga mukuremekedza wizard yataurwa pamusoro. Akawana mukurumbira wake nekuda kwekuita kwake kukuru mukutiza kwekunyepedzera.
Kufukidza iro razvino danho, zvakakodzera kuti utaure David Blaine, weAmerica anonyengera, inozivikanwa nekunyengera kwayo uye kupunyuka kwehunyengeri.Zvemashiripiti zvakagara zviripo, zviga zvacho zvichiri kushandiswa, pamwe neakakura mafambiro akaitwa, hapana muganho, hunyanzvi uchagara