Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier anoonekwa semusiki wemakemikari azvino, ezvidzidzo zvake nemipiro izvo nanhasi zvichiri kubatsira sainzi, senge zvidzidzo zvake pa photosynthesis, kupisa, mutemo wekuchengetedza mass, caloric dzidziso, kufema kwemhuka pakati vamwe vazhinji.
Aive biologist chemistist uyezve aive anozivikanwa weFrance economist wenguva yake, uyo akatanga achitsvaga degree rezvemutemo, kuti azozowana kuda kwake mune zvakasikwa sainzi, zvinova izvo zvakamuita kuti azivikanwe, semutangiri wechemistry .azvino.
Akawana mvumo dzinoverengeka pakati payo iyo gavhuna yemwedzi Lavoisier, ine zita rake mukurangarira, uye asteroid 6826 iyo ine zita rake, uye izvi zvinoratidzwawo pakati pemazita makumi manomwe nemaviri evasayendisiti muEiffel Tower inozivikanwa.
Aive nemabhuku anoverengeka akakosha senge nzira yemakemikari mazita muna 1787, yaionekwa senzira nyowani yezita remazita, nekuda kwemipiro yayo mikuru.
Akashandurawo nzira yekufunga nezvezvimwe zvinhu muzvinhu zvemakemikari, senge mvura, iyo munhu wese aifunga kuti chinhu, asi airatidza kuti ikomboni.
Nhoroondo yaAntoine Lavoisier
Asati aziva kuti ndeipi mipiro yakakosha yaLavoisier, zvakafanira kuve nepfungwa yekuti akasvika sei kwavari, uyo waaigara uyezve akamutungamira munzira iyoyo.
Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier, akazvarwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 26, 1743 muParis / France, aionekwa semuvambi wemakemikari azvino uno, nekuti akaubatanidza, nekuda kweizvi aionekwa semumwe weavo vakapindira mukushanduka kwesainzi, uye zviwanikwa zvake zvikuru nezvaakawana .
Pazera diki regumi nerimwe akatanga kudzidza pachikoro chepamusoro, Koreji yeMarudzi mana, muna 11, ari mumwe wevadzidzi vakanakisa vesaenzi, nekuda kwezvipo zvake, asi panguva imwechete akadzidza zvemutemo, sezvo baba vake vaive gweta rakakosha renguva iyoyo, uye akarikumbira.
Pazera ramakore makumi maviri nemasere akafunga kuroora Miss Marie Ann Pierrette Paulze, mwanasikana weanokosha co-muridzi we ferme genérale, yaive hurumende mvumo yekutora mutero, maishandira Lavoisier, izvi zvaive mugore ra 28.
Akabata zvinzvimbo zvakakosha kwazvo muhupenyu hwake hwese, aive nhengo yeChikamiro cheSainzi muna 1768, director wehurumende wemabasa ekugadzira pfuti muna 1776, muna 1789 aive chikamu chekomisheni yekumisikidza yunifomu system yezviyereso, uye muna 1791 aive komishina wepfuma, izvo zvakamutungamira kuyedza kuunza kumwe kugadziridzwa kumari nemitero masisitimu eParis, pamwe nenzira dzekugadzira zvekurima.
Mugore ra1793 pachinzvimbo chake saKomishina weHomwe, akashanda mukutora mari, saka hurumende iripo inosarudza kumusunga, panguva imwechete, vese vaimuziva vakaedza kumubatsira nekuratidza zvipo zvavo panguva yese yebasa rake, aigona kumira kungoitira musayendisiti, saka mugore rakatevera 1794, akatongerwa guillotine, achifa achigurwa musoro pamberi pehurumende.
Muna 1795 hurumende nyowani yeFrance yakabuda, iyo mushure mekumwe kuongorora yakaziva kuti Antoine Lavoisier akaurayiwa, mushure memutongo wenhema zvachose, wavakatumira chirikadzi yainzi Marie Ann tsamba yaitsanangura zvakaitika.
Zvinonyanya kukosha mipiro yeLavoisier
Lavoisier aive nyanzvi yezve biologist chemistiki yenguva yake, kunyangwe imwe yeakanyanya kukosha maererano nekutsvaga kwemakemikari, aive nemipiro yakachinja nzira yekufunga yemasayendisiti mazhinji, kuti nanhasi zvaakawana zvichiri kudikanwa zvakanyanya mukuvandudzwa kwesainzi iyi. .
Pakati pezvipo zvakakosha zvaAntoine Laurent Lavoisier zvinotevera:
Lomonosov-Lavoisier mutemo
Ichizivikanwa zvirinani semutemo wekuchengetedza huwandu, mumwe wemitemo yakakosheswa yakambowanikwa yesainzi sainzi, ichinyanya kujekeswa naVaMikhail Lomonosov muna 1748 ndokuzopedziswa naAntoine Lavoisier muna 1785.
Iyo yakadyiwa misa yeanogadzirisa akaenzana nehuremu hunowanikwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa, izvi zvinoreva kuti mune zvakajairika chemakemikari maitiro iyo mass inoramba iri yenguva dzose, saka haichinje, nekushomeka kudiki nekuchinja kwenyukireya uko huremo hunowanzo kuita zvishoma yakagadziriswa.
Dzidziso yekutsva
Kupisa kwaive rimwe rematambudziko makuru emakemikari panguva iyoyo, nekuti zvaifungidzirwa kuti kana mwenje, izvo zvikamu zvakaburitsa phlogiston, iyo Lavoisier nekuongorora kwakaomarara kwavo, vakaziva kuti chinhu chakakoshesa kusvika panguva yekupisa mweya, waive mubatanidzwa wemagasi maviri, oxygen uye hydrogen.
Vatsigiri veiyo phlogiston dzidziso vaitenda kuti nekuverenga simbi, yakawana huremu hwakakura, nekuti vaive vawana phlogiston mavari, asi Lavoisier akaratidza zvakapesana nekupisa simbi mumudziyo wakavharwa, achiirema izvi zvisati zvaitika uye mushure mekuita.
Kufema kwemhuka
Ichi chaive chimwe chezvipo zvaLavoisier zvakakonzera gakava rakawanda pakati pemasayendisiti, nekuti akataura kuti mweya wakafemerwa wakapiswa mumapapu uye ndokuzosiiwa sekabhoni dhayokisaidhi, zvine hunganidzo.
Kuona izvi, akavhara Guinea yenguruve mumudziyo ine oxygen, ndokutanga kuyera huwandu hweoxygen yayadya, uye huwandu hwecarbon dioxide yaiburitsa. Uku kuwanikwa kwaive kwakakosha pakufunda kwehukama pakati pezvirimwa nemhuka, uyezve kuona huwandu hweoxygen inodyiwa mukuita kwemuviri, uye mune zororo.
Iyo caloric dzidziso
Nekutsvagisa kwakadzama kwakatungamira kumayedzo emoto akaitwa naLavoisier, zvaive zvakare zvichikwanisika kucherechedza kuvapo kwecaloric particles panguva yekuzviita, ndosaka zvakagadziriswa kuti kunyangwe chiito chekufema kupisa- kuburitsa mumiririri.
Ipapo akasimbisa kuti zvinhu zvese zvine chekuita nekupisa hazvina kana kuchinja shanduko muhuremu hwayo kana huremu, izvi zvinogona kucherechedzwa kana uchibatidza machisi uye uchiona kuti pakanga pasina shanduko mukati mawo, mushure mekuvhenekerwa.
Mvura semubatanidzwa
Lavoisier asati afunga kuti mvura yaive mukomboni pakati pehydrogen neoksijeni, zvaifungidzirwa kuti mvura chinhu, nekuti zvidzidzo zvakafanira zvainge zvisina kuitiswa, zvichiratidza kuti yakaumbwa ne85% yemweya uye 15% chete hydrogen.
Uyu mupiro naLavoisier wakanyatso chinja nzira yekuona mvura, sezvo yaimbofungidzirwa kuti yaive chinhu chisina kujeka, saka airatidza kuti yaive maviri eaya.
Mupiro kune photosynthesis
Kutenda kuzvidzidzo zvake zvekupisa, zvakatemwa kuti okisijeni yeakisi muchikafu yakaburitsa mweya wakagadzika unonyatso kuzivikanwa se carbon dioxide, chinova chinhu chakashandiswa nemiti kuita kufema, izvi zvaive kubva mugore ra1772.
Yekutanga kemisitiri bhuku
Akanga ari iye munyori wekutanga chemistry bhuku, achiratidza mune rake basa zvese zvine chekuita nesainzi iyi, dhata razvino uye rakanyanya kukosha, kuyedza nemhedzisiro yavo, mazita ezvisikwa, chimiro chavo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.
Periodic tafura yemakemikari
Lavoisier akagadzira runyorwa rwezvinhu uye maumbirwo azvo, nokudaro zvichigadzira chemistry yemazuva ano, nekuda kweruzivo rwese rwayakapa kune zvakakosha, akazvitsanangura sezvinhu zvisingagoni kuora, izvi zviri izvo zvakakosha.
Uyu mupiro kubva kuLavoisier unoramba uchishandiswa nanhasi, kunyangwe kudzidziswa muzvikoro, kuitira kuti vadzidzi vave nekubata nyore nyore kwechemistry inosanganisira.
Metric system
Ini ndinoshanda pamwe nevanoverengeka vemasvomhu, avo vakasimudzira metric system yekuyera, muFrance Academy yeSainzi, iyo yakakwanisa kurekodha zvakafanana maererano nezviyero munzvimbo dzese muFrance, iyo yakazopararira pasirese.
Paive nemipiro mizhinji kubva kunaLavoisier, ese akakosha uye akakodzera kune nhoroondo yesainzi uye kudzidza nezve zvakasikwa, zvese izvi akazviita nekutenda kune zvipo zvake zvikuru zvehungwaru uye nekushanda kwake nesimba muhupenyu hwake hwese.
Akakwanisa kushandura nyika yemakemikari kusvika padanho rekuti nzira dzake, idzo dzinopfuura makore zana, dzichiri kushandiswa nanhasi.
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