Kana tichinongedzera kuhuropi hwemunhu, isu tinowanzo funga kuti hwakagadzirwa nemaeuron anotarisa edu kufunga uye njere. Zvakanaka izvi ndezvechokwadi chete mudiki muzana.
Uropi hwemunhu hwakaumbwa nezvakawanda kudarika Mamirioni emamirioni makumi masere, asi huwandu uhu hunouya kuzomiririra chete 15% yemasero ese enhengo dzinoumbwa.
Masero nebasa rawo mukati memuviri wemunhu
Iyo imwe 85% inoumbwa nemamwe maseru macroscopic anonzi glial maseru, anoitisa kuumba chinhu chinonzi glia icho chinosvika kumakona ese ehurongwa hwemitsipa.
Glial maseru ari pamusoro pekubatsira mauroni mune yavo nzira yekufambisa emagetsi emagetsi kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekutya. Glial masero ane basa rekupa mishonga, chengetedza chimiro kana kukurumidza kuita neural conduction pachayo, kugadzirisa kukuvara uye kupa simba kune mauroni.
Pakati peaya akawanda maseru anowanikwa muuropi, izvo zvinonzi oligodendrocyte Kukwanisa kwayo kuumba inodzivirira myelin sheaths yemakononi epakati sisitimu yenjodzi.
- Myelin iyo lipoprotein iyo inobvumidza iyo yekuwedzera kwechiito kugona mune nguva uye chinhambwe. Ivo vanochengetedza iyo axon kubva kumagetsi kukurudzira nekugadzira kwayo nzira uye inodzivirira kupararira kwayo kuburikidza neiyo neuronal membrane.
- Oligodendrocyte, Masero eSchwann, astrocyte uye microglia ndiwo makirasi mana akakosha emasero glial.
Schwann masero
Ivo chete ndivo vanowanikwa mumitsipa inomhanya mumuviri wese. (Peripheral tsinga system). Ivo rudzi rwepacheka-senge sheaths inoumbwa myelin
Ivo vanokwanisa kupatsanura iyo "Tsinga kukura chinhu" (NCF), Morekuru rinosimudzira kukura kweiyo neuronal panguva yekukura.
Masero eSchwann anokonzeresa kuumbwa kweiyo myelin mune yekumusoro tsinga system. Schwann maseru anotenderera akakomberedza axon imwe kuburikidza ne cytoplasm yayo.
Nyeredzi
Iwo masero ari padyo nemaeuron, iwo ane stellate muchitarisiko, akakura muhukuru achienzaniswa nemaeuron, anowanikwa muchirongwa yepakati huta (CNS) uye neiyo optic nerve.
Nyeredzi Ivo rudzi rwemasoja ari nhengo dzeRopa-uropi Chipingamupinyi (BBB), inova inodzivirira membrane yeCNS basa rayo harisi rekubvumira ropa kuyerera rakananga mukati maro.
Astrocytes ane basa rekusefa izvo zvinogona kana zvisingaitike kune CNS. Vanobvumira kupinda kwe oxygen ne glucose; chikafu cheeuroni.
Microglia
Iri ndiro boka remasero ayo anoumba hwaro hwemuviri wehuropi. Nekuti iyo Ropa-uropi Chipingamupinyi hachibvumiri kufamba kwemahara kwemasero ezvirwere zvemuviri, huropi hune hurongwa hwayo hwekuzvidzivirira uye maseru aya ndiwo mauto adziviriro.
Basa rekutanga remasero aya kudzivirira uye kugadzirisa huropi kubva mukukuvara kunokonzerwa nekupinda nema microorganisms, maseru maseru, uye chirwere.
Vanogara vachiongorora CNS yezvakakuvara mabara, mauroni uye zvinotapukira zvinomiririra. Ivo vanoziva kune zvakatipoteredza uye vanokwanisa kuona shanduko diki kwazvo mukuumbwa kwehupenyu hwehunhu hwepfungwa. Masero anoongorora CNS kuti iwane uye igadzirise chero dombo, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) zvidimbu, tambo dzeeuronal, masero akafa, maseru akakuvara, uye zvekune dzimwe nyika. Ivo vanogona kutarisirwa sevakadzi vemba vehuropi nekuchenesa maseru emarara.
Oligodendrocyte
Iyo mhando yesero iyo inokonzeresa kuumba iyo myelin sheaths iyo inotenderedza maakononi epakati renheremu system. Ivo vari kungowanikwa muhuropi uye mumongo wemapfupa (CNS). Ivo vane maitiro mazhinji anotenderedza akakomberedza maakoni eemauroni akasiyana siyana.
Iyo myelin sheaths inogadzirwa yakatenderedza ma axon emauroni anoitirwa kuzvitsaura uye nekuwedzera kumhanyisa kwekutapurirana kwemagetsi emagetsi.
Iyi myelination inoumbwa mu medulla musana wechipfuva kutenderera vhiki yegumi neshanu yehupenyu hwemukati uye inoenderera mberi mushure mekuzvarwa kudzamara zvese tambo dzetsinga dzakasvinwa panguva iyo mwana anotanga kufamba. Kunyangwe mukukura kwevanhu, oligodendrocyte anoenderera mberi kubereka kubva kumasero masero.
Mhando dzeoligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocyte inogona kuverengerwa kunyanya nemabasa avo, kunyangwe zvakaumbwa uye mamorekuru zvakafanana. Kune maviri makuru mhando: interfascicular uye satellite.
- ari interfascicular oligodendrocyteIvo vane basa rekuumbwa kwe myelin sheaths, ivo vanoumba chikamu chechena nyaya yehuropi.
- ari satellite oligodendrocyte, ivo vanoumba chikamu cheiyo grey nyaya, ivo havaburitse myelin, haanamatire kune neurons, kana kuita basa rekuzviparadzanisa. Mabasa ayo haazivikanwe.
Mabasa
Sezvo zvisingazivikanwe chaizvo kuti ndeapi mashandiro e satellite oligodendrocyte ari, isu tinongoenda chete kurondedzero yemabasa eanopindirana.
Neural kufambisa kumhanyisa
Iko kumhanya kweanogona kuita anowedzera kana ma axon anga ave meelinated. El chaiyo maitiro mashandiro Hormonal uye mhasuru inofarirwa pamberi peyakaringana mutinhimira weiyo neural conduction. Uchenjeri hunofarirwawo nekuita kwemasero aya pane mauroni.
Cell membrane kupatsanurwa
Isolate of neuronal axons from the outer environment of cells cells inodzivirira kubuda kweion kuburikidza nesero membrane.
Kugadzira tsinga
Sezvo maNeuron asingakwanise vanoita basa ravo vega, glial maseru, kunyanya anopascicular oligodendrocyte, ane basa rekutsigira maratidziro chimiro cheneuroni.
Kutsigira kwekuvandudzwa kweeuroni
MaOligodendrocyte anogadzira mapuroteni ayo, mukudyidzana kwavo neuroni, anoita kuti varambe vachishingaira, nekudaro vachidzivirira kufa kwema cell.
Extracellular fluid homeostasis
Kunyange zvakadaro satellite oligodendrocyte haina basa rakajeka, Zvakakosha kuchengetedza iyo homeostatic chiyero chekunze nharaunda yeauroni ari padyo navo.
Zvirwere zvinosanganiswa ne myelin
Miller Fisher chirwere
Icho musiyano we Guillain-Barré syndrome, chirwere chemuviri chinoratidzirwa nekugadzirwa kwemasero ekudzivirira anorwisa myelin mune mauroni ehurongwa hwehutachiona hweparutivi.
Kufambisa kwechiratidzo kwakarasika pakati pe muviri uye CNS, zvichitungamira mukukutu kunetsemara tsandanyama. Kushanda kwenhengo dzepfungwa kwakarasikawo.
Zviratidzo zvine chekuita ne chirwere ichi ophthalmology, ataxia uye areflexia. Kana ikapindwa nenguva, ine tarisiro yakanaka yekuvandudzika kwenguva refu
Charcot - Marie - Chirwere chemazino, kana CMT
Icho chirwere chekuzvarwa nacho chinokanganisa mitezo yeparutivi, inozivikanwa seyouripheral neuropathy. Inokonzeresa kukuvara kwenzara, iyo inonyanya kukonzeresa chirwere cheshuga.
Multiple sclerosis
Chirwere chetsinga chinotadzisa kana kunonotsa kutaurirana pakati pehuropi nemuviri. Izvi zvinoitika kana myelin sheath inodzivirira iyo masero etsinga akakuvara, anokanganisa huropi uye mongo musana.
Zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika zvinokonzerwa nekurasikirwa nemwero, kusazvibata kwemhasuru mafambiro, matambudziko ekufambisa, kuomarara matambudziko, kudedera, kushaya simba, kupatira kana kusagadzikana kwematumbo.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Iyo inoramba ichirwisa mota neurons, iyo inodzora isingazvibate mhasuru. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kune iyo neuronal uye muviri kufa.
Chirwere chaBaló kana Baló's concentric sclerosis
Inowanzo bata vana uye kashoma kuva vakuru. Inosanganisira kurasikirwa kwemyelin muuropi. Izvo zvisingawanzo uye yazvo Inokonzera kuenderera mberi kuoma mitezo, kusazvipira kufamba kwemhasuru pakati pezvimwe zvinetso zvetsinga.
Leuko-dystrophies
Inoitwa neshanduko yeiyo maonero uye mota system. Izvo zvinokonzereswa nekuparadzwa kwemyelin ne enzymatic kukanganisa mukuumbwa kana kugadziriswa kwe myelin kana nemaitiro ehutachiona, autoimmune, kuzvimba kana chepfu yevascular mavambo.