Icho chidimbu-chechidimbu chejometri chimiro chinoumbwa nemapoligoni maviri akaenzana akafanana semabhesi uye zviso zvakatarisa zviri maparagelogiramu. Ivo vanogamuchira rakasarudzika zita zvinoenderana nenhamba yemativi ayo anoumba hwaro hwavo. Nekudaro isu tine, semuenzaniso, kuti kana mabheseni ayo aine mativi matatu chichava chirahwe chetatu, mativi mana emakona, mativi mashanu epentagon, nezvimwe.
Musoro uripo ndizvo chaizvo zvese zvine chekuita ne pentagonal prism, asi zvinodikanwa kuti uzive zvakajairika maficha emaprisimendi mune zvese.
Zvizhinji zvehunhu hweganda
Zvinhu zvinogadzira chishongo:
- Bases Iwo maviri akafanana uye akaenzana mapolgoni anoumba pasi uye pamusoro peiyo prism. Huwandu hwamativi ayo hunogona kusiyaniswa uye ndiwo chaiwo iwo anopa chishongo zita rekutanga uye rekupedzisira.
- Kumeso kumeso: ndiwo maparagiramu anopatsanura hwaro hwepasi kubva kumusoro
- Hurefu: Ndicho chinhambwe chiri kupatsanura mabheseni maviri.
- Micheto: Imwe neimwe yemativi emapoligoni anoumba mabhesheni anonzi, mheto dzechigadziko. Uye rimwe nerimwe remativi ezvekupedzisira zviso zvinodaidzwa zvakasiyana-siyana.
- Vertex: Imwe yeapo mapoinzi panosangana micheto inonzi vertex.
Kupatsanura kwema prism
Chigadziko chakarongedzwa zvinoenderana neyakavakirwa mabheseni ayo mu:
- Nguva nenguva:Iyo ndeimwe ine hwaro hwayo polygon iyo ine mativi ayo ese akaenzana kureba uyezve ayo emukati maangle akaenzana zvakafanana.
- Zvisizvo: Ndiyo imwe ine mabhesheni anomiririrwa nemapoligoni ane mativi akasiyana uye emukati mamakona.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba yemativi ane mabhesi avo, akaiswa mu:
- Triangular 3 mativi
- Quadrangular 4 mativi
- Pentagonal 5 mativi
- Hex 6 mativi
- Heptagonal 7 mativi
- Octagonal 8 mativi
- 9-mativi eneagon kana nonagon
- Decagon gumi mativi ..., zvichingodaro.
Zvinoenderana nezviso zvavo zvekupedzisira,
- Kurudyi prism: Ndiyo iyo ine zviso zvakati wandei sezvakaita hwaro hwayo, iwo akaenzana uye akaenzana pairi.
- Oblique: An oblique prism haina perpendicularity pane ayo ekupedzisira zviso zvine chekuita nechigadziko chayo. Zviso zvaro zvakatarisana zvine rhomboid. Hunhu hwavo chaihwo ndeyekuti kukwirira kwavo hakuenderane nekukosha kwemativi avo ekupedzisira.
Zvinoenderana nemakona avo emukati vanoiswa mukati
Concaves: Chigadziko chinogona kusarudzwa se concave apo mairi emukati mairi akakura kupfuura 180 °. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chisina kugadzikana, icho chinopa chiono chekutsemuka chakananga mukati meiyo prism, kana tikayambuka netambo yakatwasuka inogona kutemwa mune inopfuura poindi imwe.
Convex: Chigadziko chinotenderera kana makona ayo emukati akayera asingasvike 180 ° uye kune rimwe divi isu tine izvo kana tichiyambuka neine tambo inongocheka pamatanho maviri akasarudzika.
Pentagonal prism
Iye zvino isu takagadzirira kudzidza zvakawanda nezve pentagonal prism. Kamwe kana hunhu hunowanikwa pamatombo ese hwaonekwa, isu tichaongorora zvakanyanya muPentagonal Prism. Pentagonal prism ndeimwe ine mabheseni akaenzana uye akafanana mapentagon uye mashanu maparagiramu anogadzira zviso zvaro zvakatarisa.
Zviratidzo
Iyo pentagonal prism ine zvinotevera hunhu:
- Bases. Iyo ine maviri akafanana uye akaenzana mapentagoni.
- Caras. Iine zviso zvishanu zvekuyera pamwe nezvigadziko zviviri, pane zvese pane zviso zvinomwe,
- Kureba. Ndiyo nhambwe iri pakati pezvigadziko zviviri izvi.
- Vertex. Iwo ndiwo mapoinzi eiyo prism apo matatu ezviso zvinowirirana, muhuwandu pane gumi gumi.
- Kumicheto. Iwo ndiwo mapoinzi emisangano maviri ezviso zveiyo prism, mune yakazara ine gumi nemashanu micheto.
Sekureva kwaEuler's Theorem, kune kuwirirana pakati pehuwandu hwezviso (C), mativi (A) uye maverenzi echimwenje chega chega chine makona emukati anoyera asingasvike 180 ° (convex).
Kuisa iyo fomula A = C + V-2 iyo nhamba yemipendero yepentagonal prism inogona kuwanikwa: A = 7 + 10-2 = 15
Sei Verengai iyo nzvimbo yenguva dzose pentagonal prism
Iyo ine mabhesi ayo enguva dzose mapentagoni uye akaenzana mativi akaenzana, saka kuverenga kwenharaunda yayo kunopihwa na:
Nzvimbo = 5. L. (ap. + H), apo L iri chiyero cheimwe remativi epentagon, ap. (apothem) ndiyo ipfupi daro kubva pakati kusvika kune rimwe divi uye h ndiko kukwirira kwetambo.
Nzira yekuwana sei kukosha kwe ap (apothem) yepentagonal prism?
Musiyano watisingazive zviri pachena sevamwe. Zvakanaka heino nzira yemasvomhu yekuiwana.
Kuziva kuwanda kwemativi (N) uye chiyero chawo (L), tanga waverenga iyo yepakati kona iyo inoumbwa pakati penzvimbo yechipoloni uye maviri akateedzana maxe, seizvi:
? = 360 ° / N.
Muenzaniso: yepakati kona yepentagon? = 360 ° / 5 yakaenzana 72 °.
Inotevera apothem
Kupatsanura chiyero cheimwe remativi (L) nekaviri tangent yehafu yekona yepakati (?)
ap = L / 2 x tang (? / 2)
Semuenzaniso: kuve nepentagonal prism ine mativi ane chiyero chemasentimita makumi maviri nemasendimita makumi matatu pakukwirira, ngatitsvage nzvimbo yacho. Isu tatoziva kuti kukosha kwepakati pekona yenguva dzose pentagon ndeye 20 °. Ngatitsvagei apothem yacho:
Ap = 20/2 x Tang (72/2)
Ap = 20/2 x Tang (36)
Ap = 20/2 x (0.73)
Ap = 20 / 1.46
Ap = 13,69 masendimita.
Zvino hongu, isu tine data rese rekuona nzvimbo yako:
Nzvimbo = 5 x L x (ap + h)
5 x 20 (13,69 + 30)
100 (43,69)
Nzvimbo = 4369 cm.
Nzvimbo yechinhu chisina kujairika chepentagonal prism
Tichifunga nezvekuti chisina kujairika pentagonal prism ine maviri asina kujairika mapentagoni sechigadziko chayo, zvinodikanwa kuti uwane nzvimbo yeasina kujairika pentagon (Ab), mukomberedzo wayo (Pb) uye nekukwirira kwetambo kuti gare gare uverenge nzvimbo ye Chishongo.
Iyo fomula yenzvimbo yechisimba pentagonal kurudyi prism ndeiyi:
Prism nzvimbo = 2. Ab + Pb. h
Iyo nharaunda yechigadziko chisina kujairika pentagon (Ab) inowanikwa kuburikidza ne nzira ye kupenga, zvinoreva kuti kuzvipatsanura kuita zvidimbu zvidiki zvitatu kuti uone nzvimbo dzawo uye nekudaro zviri nyore nzvimbo yepentagon inowanikwa nekuwedzera ese.
Iyo yakakomberedza yechinhu chisina kujairika pentagon base (Pb) Inowanikwa nekuwedzera chiyero chemativi ayo mashanu.
Nzvimbo yeiyo oblique pentagonal prism
Nzvimbo yekuverenga fomula yerudzi urwu rwechirendende yakasiyana neiyo kurudyi kwepentagonal prism.
Iyo nharaunda yemabhesisi inoverengerwa nenzira imwecheteyo seye rectum, mutsauko uripo mumativi nekuda kwekuti iwo akarerekera.
Iyo nharaunda yeimwe yemativi e oblique pentagonal prism inotariswa zvichienderana nekuyerwa kwemucheto wekupedzisira uye mukombero we prism yakananga chikamu.
Kupindirana kwendege ine chishongo pakona ye90 ° neimwe yeanopindirana, chikamu chakatwasuka cheiyo prism. Ndokunge, iyo ndiyo hwaro hwakati sandara hunowonekwa kana uchipatsanura chishongedzo chakachinjika.
Kuti uwane graphical inomiririra iyo yakananga chikamu cheiyo oblique prism Chero ani, isa nzvimbo yekuzorora pachivara pane imwe yemipendero yayo uye, ichigadzira 90 ° kona, dhonza mutsetse unosvika kumucheto wakatarisana zvichingodaro nemamwe mativi. Kana maitiro aya achinge aitwa, iyo nzvimbo inogona kutarisika mundege.
Nzvimbo = 2. Ab + Pisr. ku
Kupi Ab ndiyo nzvimbo yechigadziko, pr ndiyo mukombero weiyo yakatwasuka chikamu cheiyo prism uye a nechepamberi.
Kuti uone kukosha kwepimendi yechikamu chakatwasuka, zvinokwana kukona imwe yemipendero yayo pakona re90 °, kuyera chinhambwe kubva pamucheto iwoyo kusvika painopindirana nemupendero wayo wakaenzana woiwedzera kashanu.
Vhoriyamu yepentagonal prism
Kuverenga vhoriyamu yepentagonal prism, zvese zvakatwasuka uye oblique, iyo yakajairwa fomati yemhando dzese dze prism inoshandiswa: wedzera nzvimbo yechigadziko (Ab) nekuyera kureba (h).
Bhuku = Ab. h
Kutsiva Ab nemaitiro ayo isu tine Vhoriyamu = 5. L. ap / 2. h
Rangarira kuti mune chaipo prism chiyero chehurefu chakaenzana neiyo yekupedzisira muyero kuyerwa apo uri mune oblique prism kukwirira kwechimedu hachiwirirane nekuyerwa kwemupendero wepamberi, chero rudzi rwechigadziko, chenjera kuti usavhiringidze.
Maitiro ekuita yakatwasuka yenguva dzose pentagonal prism
? = 108 ° yemukati kona yakaumbwa pakati pemakona maviri epaseji yepasi (yakatarwa kuyerwa kwepentagon nzvimbo)
L = kudivi
H = kukwirira
Pentagonal base sitiroko
Usati watanga kudhirowa iyo prism, mabheseni ayo anofanira kutsanangurwa. Nenzira iri nyore uye isiri yehunyanzvi ini ndichatsanangura maitiro ekugadzira yakajairwa pentagonal chimiro.
- dhonza yakatwasuka mutsara unoshanda senzvimbo yekutangira (fig. 1)
- maka chiyero chaunoda kupa kumativi epentagon yako, mutsetse (ab) Fig. 2
- Nerubatsiro rwe protractor, kumira panzvimbo "a "Uye kuruboshwe tarisa iyo kona ye108 °, dhonza mutsetse pakati" a "uye mharadzano nekona yakawanikwa uye pairi mucherechedzo chiyero chakasarudzirwa mativi epentagon. (mutsara ac) fig. 3
- Tsamira pane pfungwa b kurudyi ita zvakafanana nenzira iri pamusoro uye tsvaga rimwe divi (mutsara bd) muonde. 4
- Wobva watsamira pakona "c", nguva dzose uchitsvaga kona ye108 ° uye dhonza (ce mutsara) muonde. 5
- Chekupedzisira ,joinha ed mapoinzi anoumba iro risipo. Inofanira kungoita yega kona ye108 °. Mufananidzo 6
Iyi geometric chimiro ine yakawanda hunyanzvi uye chaiyo mafomu ekurohwa kwayo, asi pano ini ndinokutsanangurira kwauri nenzira yakapusa ndichishandisa chete vatongi uye / kana zvikwere uye protractor.
Kubudirira kwekuvakwa kweprisimasi yako kunoenderana nekurongeka kwekutsvaga kwemabhesi ayo.
Uye iko kurongeka mukuvakwa kwenzvimbo yako yepentagonal kunoenderana neunyanzvi hwako uye ruzivo rweyekushandisa maturusi andinokurudzira.
Prism inoteedzera
- Dhirowa tambo refu yakatwasuka inozoshanda sehwaro kutanga sitiroko.
- Pane iwo mutsara tara chiyero (L) kashanu kana imwe mushure meimwe.
- Zvakatenderera kune imwe neimwe poindi, dhonza mitsara yakatwasuka inomiririra micheto nechiyero che (h) kukwirira.
- Joinha ese mapoinzi netambo yakatwasuka uye iwe uchave nekatekete yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvishanu zvakaenzana uye zvakafanana, izvi zvinomiririra imwe neimwe yezviso zvakatarisana zvegirazi
- Pane rectangle kana yepakati kumeso, kana iyo yaunofarira, dhirowa kana kuwedzera pentagonal base pane ese epamusoro uye ezasi. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti iwe utange kuzviita iwe uye zvichibva pairi iwe unodhonza prism.
- Wedzera tabo pamativi ese ezvekumeso kumeso kunze kweiyo imwe yadzo. Aya ma tabo ndiwo anobatsira iwe kuunganidza prism.
- Chekerera uye isa glue kune maronda, simbisa mitsara yese kuti uipe zororo zvishoma uye uve nenguva iri nyore yekukotamisa micheto.
