Ropa chinyama chinowedzerwazve icho chikamu chezvisikwa, uye maseru ayo ari chikamu chetishu aya anogadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa uchienderera. Sekuziva kwedu tese, ropa rinozadzikisa mabasa akakosha muzvipenyu zvemarudzi akawanda, sekudzivirira hutachiona, kuchinjana gasi, uye kugoverwa kwehutano.
Wanga uchiziva here kuti ropa rakagadzirwa neseti yemasero mucolloidal solution? Hongu, ropa rine masero akaumbwa anoumbwa mazhinji nemaseru machena uye matsvuku eropa, akaturikwa munzvimbo ine mvura uye ine hutano. Ichi chinwiwa chemvura chinozivikanwa seplasma yeropa.
Kunyangwe isu tichiwanzofunga nezvechirevo nenzira yepasirese tisingatarise zvikamu zvacho zvakasiyana, chokwadi ndechekuti plasma pachayo inoumba chinhu chinozadzisa mabasa mazhinji akakosha mukushanda kwemuviri.
Tsanangudzo yeplasma sechinhu cheropa
Ropa plasma iropa remvura ine munyu, yero kana yeruvara rweberu, inoshanduka kuva neruvara, mune izvo zvinhu zvinonzi "mafomu" zvakanyudzwa, izvo zvinoumba chikamu chemaseru cheropa. Haisi chete chidimbu chemvura yeiyi yakakosha fluid, ndiyo zvakare yakawanda kwazvo, sezvo ichiita 55% yehuwandu hweropa.
Basa guru rechinhu ichi kuita takura zvinovaka muviri uye marara kubva kune akakosha maitiro.
Kuumbwa kweropa plasma: Yakagadzirwa nemushonga wemvura, weiyo colloidal hunhu, hwakaumbwa ne91% yemvura, uye zvakasimbiswa zvakamiswa mukati mayo. Yakave yakatemwa kuti ine huwandu hwakaenzana neiyo yemvura, kunyangwe iri yakati rebei, sezvo izvo zviripo, semapuroteni, zvinokanganisa viscosity.
Chinhu chikuru kwazvo chakanyungudika chakaumbwa nemapuroteni (8%), pakati pazvo atinogona kupa mazita
- Globulins: Zvinogadzirwa muchiropa uye zvinoumba masoja ekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira.
- Fibrinogen: Kuita chinzvimbo chakakosha mukugwamba, iyi protein chikamu chakakosha chechimiro cheplasma.
- Albumins: Dzinomiririra 60% emapuroteni eplasma, seakatanga kubuda muchiropa, uye basa ravo kutakura lipids uye steroid mahormone. Ivo zvakare vanopihwa mutoro mumaitiro akadai seonoticotic kumanikidza, zvinova zvakakosha mukuchengetedza mwero mune zvinwiwa zvinodiridza nhengo.
- Lipoproteins. Ivo vane yekukonzeresa mhedzisiro, buffering pH shanduko muropa.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kutaura izvo zvinhu zvinoumba chikamu chakaderera (zvisaririra), che1% chete yehuwandu hwesanganiswa yeplasma, zvisinei zvakakosha kuti uzive nezvazvo: makabhohaidhiretsi, lipids, mahormone, enzymes, urea, sodium, potasium uye carbonates.
Kubviswa kweplasma
Zvakajairika kuvhiringidza plasma neropa remvura rakasiyana bumbiro rinonzi serum, sezvo ese ari maviri achibva mukuyerera kweropa, zvisinei, musiyano wakakosha pakati pezviviri kuumbwa, sezvo plasma iri chikamu cheropa chisina kugwamba, nekuti Naizvozvo , ine bumbiro rine zvinovaka muviri, nepo serum iri chikamu chine mvura cheropa rakagwamba, nokudaro ichishaya zvinhu zvakaita se fibrinogen.
Kana ropa rikatorwa kubva mumidziyo yeropa, rinogara kwechinguva chidiki munzvimbo yemvura; Kudzivirira kugwamba kubva pakuitika, zvakajairika kuenda kune kuwedzerwa kweanticoagulant zvinhu zvakaita se heparin, sodium citrate, uye ethyldiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Shure kwaizvozvo, iro risina kuvharwa ropa rinoiswa centrifuged uchishandisa iyo Wintrobe machubhu, umo masero anogadzika kuzasi kwetubhu.
Sechigadzirwa cheichi chiitiko, takaona zvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana muhubhu: imwe ine yakadzika density amber color (plasma) iyo iri kumusoro, pakati tinowana diki jena jena rakaumbwa nemaplatelet, uye ku pazasi, iyo sero chikamu icho chakanyanyisa kutsvuka chine ruvara.
Zvishandiso zveplasma
Mumatunhu akasiyana siyana ekurapa, vesaenzi vakatora mukana wezvekurapa kweplasma yekurapa mamiriro eganda, chiito chayo seyekuvhara ropa chakabvumidza kuvandudzwa kwemarapirwo evarwere vane kusakwana kwehematological, izvo zvakavatendera kunatsiridza hunhu hwavo. yehupenyu, sezvo vachigona kuita zviitiko zvavo zvezuva nezuva zvakajairika.
Biotherapies: Aya marapirwo akavakirwa pakushandiswa kweropa reropa mukurapa kwecoagulation kusagadzikana senge hemophilia uye primary immunodeficiency. Kushandiswa kwaro kwakawedzerwawo kune kurapwa kwehutano hwepfungwa.
Maitiro ekushongedza: Iyo plasma iri paganda inomutsa iyo fibroblast, iyo inoumbwa nechinhu chinosimudzira kuomarara kwayo, ichive chinhu chikuru cheganda, icho chinowedzera kugadzirwa kwe hyaluronic acid, elastin uye collagen, iyo inononoka kuchembera, uye izvi zvinoguma nekuderedzwa. yemakwinya, kudzikira, uye mashandisirwo ayo pakurapa kwekutambanudza mavara akapararirawo. Inogona zvakare kuiswa zvinodzivirira, mune yeganda diki, kana sekurapa kwekumutsiridza muganda rinokwegura.
Kuiswa kweplatelet-yakazara plasma inzira yakatarwa, zvinoreva kuti inofanirwa kutorwa muropa remurwere, izvi zvinoitwa kudzikisa njodzi yekurwara uye kuramba kurapwa. Maitiro Iyo inorwadza uye yekurapa nzira; ingangoita maminetsi makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu anodikanwa.
Iyi nzvimbo inosanganisirawo mashandisirwo ayo ekurapa kukuvara kweganda kunokonzerwa nekutsva.
Kurapa kwemabvi osteoarthritis: Kucherekedza chiito chayo mukuderedza kuomarara uye kuvandudzwa kwetikoroti, marapirwo akagadzirwa umo kushandiswa kweropa plasma kwazove kwakakurumbira pakurapa osteoarthritis mumabvi, ichiona kuti kupora kunofarirwa munosvika 73% yematambudziko.
Mabasa eropa plasma
Mazhinji emabasa ayo anotorwa kubva mukuita kwemapuroteni ari mune ino mvura. Kupinda kwavo munzira dzakawanda dzekukosha musangano kwakatsanangurwa pazasi:
Mukubatanidzwa: Coagulation ingangoita yekudzivirira mumuviri, umo iro clot rinoita dense, semi-solid mass inovhara tsinga dzeropa dzakatyoka. Plasma inopindira mune iyi maitiro, sezvo ichipa zvinhu zvitatu zvinopindira nenzira yakakosha, senge prothrombin, fibrinogen uye calcium ions. Munguva yekubatana, prothrombin uye calcium ion (Ca ++) inoumba thrombin, inova puroteni inokonzeresa kushandura fibrinogen (muchibatanidzwa chiito necalcium) kuita insoluble fibrin filaments, iyo inoumba hutatu-hukuru hunobata erythrocyte uye leukocytes, zvichibva izvo dense uremu hwefibrin nemasero eropa, anonzi clot.
Kutakura: Sezvo ichibvumidza kutakurwa kwezvinovaka muviri, magasi uye marara zvinogadzirwa mune metabolic uye maseru maitiro. Kazhinji, ichi chekufambisa basa ndicho chinosimudzira kuchinjaniswa kwezvinhu pakati penhengo.
Electrochemical basa: Mapuroteni eplasma anowoneka mumasikirwo, uye nekudaro anochengetwa mukamuri revascular, uye izvi zvine simba rakanangana nekumanikidza kweosmotic. Kana mapuroteni aya, ari makuru mamorekuru, asingatapurike kuburikidza neyakaenzana-inokwanisika membrane, kuvapo kwavo mune ino svikiro kunoshandura kugovaniswa kweiyo ionic particles. Iyi chivakwa inosarudza basa rayo mumutemo we electrolyte.
Oncotic kumanikidza: Nekuchengetedza kwerudzi urwu rwe hydrostatic kumanikidza, mapuroteni akanyudzwa muplasma, anoshanda zvakananga, sezvatakataura muchinhu chakapfuura, pane osmotic kumanikidza.. Uye mhedzisiro iyi inosangana zvakanyanya nekuita kwema mamorekuru mahombe pamitsipa yeropa. Mapuroteni anomanikidza, nekuti kufamba kwemvura kunoitika kuchikurudzirwa ne gradient, ndiko kuti, inotungamirwa kubva kunzvimbo inokwanisa kusvika kune imwe yezvishoma, saka, mvura iri mumuviri wemunhu inogara ichienda kunzvimbo uko kusunganidzwa kwepamusoro kwechimwe chinhu chakanyungudika.
Panyaya yemapuroteni ari muplasma, zvinoitika kuti mune huwandu hwakawanda muplasma yeropa kupfuura mune yemukati mvura (inova ndiyo inoshambidza maseru ezvinyama), zvinoita kuti mvura iri mune ino fluid irambe kupinda kuti utonge kumanikidza kwemvura pamativi ese emadziro e capillary. Nenzira iyi, huwandu hweplasma yemunhu uye huwandu hweropa hunochengetwa.