Nhetembo dzeSurrealist ndidzo dzinobva panguva apo kufamba kwe surrealism kwakabuda, iyo yakatanga muFrance nekuda kweDadaism uye mudetembi André Breton.
Izwi rekuti "surrealism" rakatanga kuumbwa naGuillaume Apollinarie muna1917, izvo zvinoenderana neFrench, iyo etymology inomiririra "pamusoro kana pamusoro pechokwadi"; zvinoreva kuti icho chinhu chinopfuura chokwadi, senge pendi umo murume anoratidzwa achishandisa michero chete. Nekudaro, iyo yepakati dingindira rekupinda iyi nhetembo dze surrealism, saka isu tichazongotaura nezve avo vanomiririra hunhu tisati taenderera nerondedzero yavo.
Mumunda wezvinyorwa, kufamba uku (senge kwakawanda) kwaionekwa sechimurenga icho akachinja nzira yekushandisa mutauro uye akapa nzira dzekunyora mabasa izvo zvaisavapo munguva dzekare. Saka ese mabhuku emhando (nhetembo, zvinyorwa, nzvimbo dzemitambo, pakati pevamwe) vakabatsirwa chaizvo.
- Vanyori ve surrealism vakapa mita, kuti vape chiRussia ndima.
- Dzimwe nyaya dzevanhu dzakafukidzwa, zvese zvepfungwa uye zvemagariro.
- Mutauro wakashanduka nenyaya yekuti vanyori vakakwanisa kushandisa madikidiki matsva pamisoro nyowani yekubatwa nayo; nepo rhetoric yaiwedzerwa nehunyanzvi hwekutaura
Chinyorwa cheanonyanya kumiririra nhetembo
Panguva iyo yaisanganisira kutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, kutenderedza gore 1920, nhamba huru ye vadetembi ve surrealism nemabasa asingatendeseki. Pakutanga isu tinowana André Breton (mutungamiriri weiyi shanduko), asi nekuda kweichi chikonzero hatigone kumira kutaura zvimwe zvinofambisa zvekufamba senge Paul Éluard, Benjamin Péret, Federico García Lorca, Louis Aragon, Octavio Paz, Guillaume Apollinaire, Philippe Soupault, Antonin Artaud, Olivero Girondo naAlejandra Pizarnik; yatichaburitsa mamwe emabasa ake akatanhamara.
"Girazi renguva pfupi" - Paul Eluard
Dzinga zuva racho
ratidza varume mifananidzo yakadziviswa kubva pakuonekwa,
zvinotora kubva kuvanhu mukana wekukanganiswa,
zvakaoma sedombo,
ibwe risina chimiro,
dombo rekufamba uye kuona,
uye ine kupenya kwakadai kuti zvombo zvese
uye masiki ese akanyeperwa.
Izvo ruoko rwakatotora
deigns kutora chimiro chechanza,
izvo zvakanzwisiswa hazvisisipo,
shiri yakavhiringidzwa nemhepo,
denga nezvokwadi yaro,
murume ane chokwadi chake.
"Allo" - Benjamin Peret
Ndege yangu iri pamoto, imba yangu yakazara neRhinine waini
ghetto yangu yemaruva matema nzeve yangu yekristaro
dombo rangu richikungurukira kumawere kupwanya nyika murindi
hozhwa yangu yemahara mweya wangu utunga
shiri yangu yeparadhiso inovhara bvudzi rangu dema furo
guva rangu rakatsemuka mvura yangu yemhashu dzvuku
chitsuwa changu chinobhururuka mazambiringa angu ekoresi
mota yangu yakapenga uye yakangwara kurovera mubhedha wangu wemusango
eardrum pistil yangu yakaratidzwa muziso rangu
tulip yangu girobhu muuropi
mhara yangu yakarasika mu cinema pane boulevards
bhokisi rangu rezuva chibereko changu chegomo
dziva rangu rakahwanda rinoseka uko vaporofita vakatsauswa
mafashama angu ekasizi butterfly yangu morel
mvura yangu yebhuruu yakaita sefungu rekumashure rinobereka chitubu
pfumbu yangu yekorari iyo muromo wayo unondikweva semuromo wetsime rinotinhira
chando segirazi raunofungisisa nezvokubhururuka kwenyuchi kubva pameso ako
ndakarasikirwa mumumama akagadzirwa zvipfeko zvemukati zvinoratidza ndinokuda
«Ndine zvandinoda kutaura ndinozviudza» - Federico García lorca
Ndinofanira kutaura chimwe chinhu chandinozviudza ini
Mashoko anoputsika mumuromo mako
Mapapiro ayo anongoerekana apfeka racks
Iko kunodonha kuchema ruoko runokura
Mumwe munhu anouraya zita redu maererano nebhuku
Ndiani akaburitsa maziso emufananidzo.
Ndiani akaisa rurimi urwu kutenderedza
Kuchema?Ndine zvandinoda kutaura ndinozviudza
Uye ndakazvimba neshiri kunze
Miromo inodonha kunge magirazi Pano
Mukati imomo madaro anosangana
Uku kuchamhembe kana kumaodzanyemba iziso
Ndinogara ndakakomberedzaNdiri pano ipapo pakati pemakoto enyama
Kunze pachena
Nechimwe chinhu chekutaura ndinozviudza ini
Chakavanzika Carlitos - Louis Aragon
Elevator yaigara ichidzika kudzamara ndafa mweya
Uye manera aigara achikwira
Mukadzi uyu haanzwisise zviri kutaurwa
Ndezvekunyepa
Ndakanga ndatorota ndichitaura naye nezverudo
Haiwa mabharani
Saka zvinosekesa nemacheche ake uye tsiye dzake
Chakagadzirwa
Akachema pandakazvidhonza
Izvo zvinoshamisa
Chii chandinoona? Iye mutorwa anokudzwa
Ishe handisi mukadzi akareruka
Uh zvakashata
Sezvineiwo isu
Tine masutukesi eganda renguruve
Foolproof
Ndizvo
Makumi maviri emadhora
Uye ine chiuru
Nguva dzose yakafanana system
Kana kuyera
Kana pfungwa
Nyaya yakaipa
"Kupedza zvese" - Octavio Paz
Ndipe, murazvo usingaonekwe, pfumo rinotonhora,
kutsamwa kwako kusingaperi
kupedza zvese,
oh pakaoma,
o rakadeura nyika,
kupedza zvese.Kupisa, kusviba, kupisa pasina murazvo,
inononoka uye inopisa,
dota nedombo benyu,
gwenga risina mahombekombe.Kunopisa mudenga rakakura, mureza wegore uye gore,
pasi pechiedza chisina kuona
pakati pematombo asingabereki.Kunopisa mukusurukirwa kunotizarurira,
nyika yedombo rinopfuta,
yemidzi yakaoma nechando uye ine nyota.Kupisa, hasha dzakavanzika,
dota rinopenga,
kusvira zvisingaonekwe, kusvirwa
Segungwa risina simba rinobereka makore,
mafungu akaita kunge chigumbu nedombo remabwe.
Pakati pemapfupa angu anofadza, unotsva;
kupisa mukati memhepo isina chinhu,
ovhoni isingaonekwe uye yakachena;
inopisa sezvo nguva ichipisa,
nguva inofamba sei pakati porufu,
netsoka dzake uye nemweya wake;
unopisa kunge kusurukirwa kunokupedza,
kupisa mukati mako, kupisa pasina murazvo,
kusurukirwa pasina mufananidzo, nyota isina miromo.
Kugumisa zvese
oh pakaoma,
kupedza zvese.
«Ndege» - Guillaume Apollinaire
Chii chawakaita, chiFrench, neAder mhepo?
Izwi rimwe raive rake, manje hapana.Akabatanidza nhengo dzekuzvinyima,
mumutauro wechiFrench ipapo pasina zita,
uyezve Ader anova mudetembi uye anovaidza ndege.Imi vanhu veParis, imi, Marseilles neLyon;
imi mose nzizi dzeFrance nemakomo,
vanogara mumaguta nemi vanhu venyika ...
chiridzwa chekubhururuka chinonzi ndege.Izwi rinotapira raizove rakaroya Villon;
vadetembi vanouya vachazviisa munhetembo dzavo.Kwete, mapapiro ako, Ader, vanga vasina kuzivikanwa
pakauya girama kuzovagona,
kugadzira izwi rezvidzidzo pasina chero chinhu chine mhepo
iko kunorema hiatus nembongoro inoiperekedza (aeropl -anne)
vanoita izwi refu, sezwi reGerman.Kuzevezera kwaArieri uye izwi raidikanwa
kutumidza chiridzwa chinotiendesa kudenga.
Kuchema kwemhepo, shiri mudenga,
uye ishoko reFrance rinopfuura nemumiromo yedu.Ndege! Rega ndege ikwire mudenga
kufamba pamusoro pemakomo, kuyambuka makungwa
uye kunyange zvimwe kurasika.Muregei atarise muforo wekusingaperi mune ether,
asi ngatichengetedzei iro rakapfava zita re ndege,
nekuda kwezita remadumwa iro remavara ayo mashanu ehunyanzvi
vaive nesimba rekuvhura matenga aifamba.Chii chawakaita, chiFrench, neAder mhepo?
Izwi rimwe raive rake, manje hapana.
"Kusvika husiku" - Philippe Soupault
Nguva dzaenda
Mumumvuri nemumhepo
Kuchema kunokwira pamwe nousiku
Ini handimiriri chero munhu
Kune chero munhu
Kwete kunyange mundangariro
Nguva yakapfuura kare
Asi kuchema ikoko kunotakurwa nemhepo
Uye sundira mberi
Inouya kubva kunzvimbo iri kupfuura
Pamusoro pehope
Ini handimiriri chero munhu
Asi heuno husiku
Akashongedzwa nemoto
Kubva pameso evakafa vese
Chinyarara
Uye zvese zvaifanira kutsakatika
Zvese zvakarasika
Unofanira kuiwana zvakare
Pamusoro pehope
Kusvika manheru.
«Husiku» - Antonin Artaud
Iyo zinc counters inopfuura nepaseji,
mvura inobuda zvakare kumwedzi;
pa avenue hwindo
anoburitsa mukadzi asina kupfeka.Mumatehwe emachira akazvimba
maanofema husiku hwese
nyanduri anonzwa kuti vhudzi rake
vanokura vachiwanda.Chiso chekuvhara kwematenga
fungisisa mitumbi yakatambanudzwa.Pakati pevhu nepakavezwa
hupenyu chinhu chakadzama.Nyanduri, chii chinokunetsa
haina chekuita nemwedzi;
mvura inotonhorera,
dumbu rakanaka.Tarisa magirazi azere
pamusoro pezviverengwa zvepasi
hupenyu hauna chinhu,
musoro uri kure.Pane imwe nzvimbo nyanduri anofunga.
Hatidi mwedzi
musoro wakakura,
nyika yakazara.Muimba yega yega
nyika inodedera,
hupenyu hunobereka chimwe chinhu
iyo inokwira yakananga kumatenga.Dheka remakadhi rinoyangarara mumhepo
vakakomberedza magirazi;
waini utsi, girazi utsi
nenyere dzemanheru.Mune iyo oblique angle yematenga
yemakamuri ese anodedera
utsi hwemumvura hunoungana
Yezviroto zvisina kuvakwa zvakanakaNekuti apa Hupenyu unobvunzwa
uye dumbu rekufunga;
mabhodhoro anodhumhana dehenya
yegungano remuchadenga.Shoko rinobuda muhope
seruva kana segirazi
izere nezvimiro uye chiutsi.Girazi nedumbu zvinosangana:
hupenyu hwakajeka
pane dehenya rakavhenekerwa.Iwo aropopu anopisa evanyanduri
inoungana yakatenderedza green baize,
iyo isina maturo inoruka.Hupenyu hunopfuura nepfungwa
nyanduri ane vhudzi.
«Kuonekwa kwedhorobha» - Olivero Girondo
Zvakabva pasi pevhu here?
Zvakabva kudenga here?
Ini ndaive pakati pemheremhere
akuvara,
kukuvara zvakaipisisa,
zvakadaro,
nyarara,
kupfugama manheru asati
pamberi pezvisingadziviriki,
tsinga dzakabatanidzwa
kutya,
kune asphalt,
nevhudzi ravo rakadonha,
nameso ake matsvene,
vese, vasina kusimira,
rinenge rebhuruu, rakachena kudaro.
Vakanga vachitaura nezve bhiza.
Ndinofunga yaive ngirozi.
«Madota» - Alejandra Pizarnik
Husiku hwakatsemurwa nenyeredzi
vachinditarisa vachishamisika
mhepo inosvipa ruvengo
akashongedza chiso chake
nemimhanzi.Munguva pfupi tichaenda
Arcane hope
tateguru wekunyemwerera kwangu
nyika yaneta
uye pane padlock asi hapana makiyi
uye kune kutya asi hapana misodzi.Ndoita sei neni?
Nekuti ndine chikwereti kwauri zvandiri
Asi handina mangwana
Nekuti iwe ...
Husiku hunotambura.
Parizvino nhetembo dze surrealist dzevanyori vane mukurumbira vechikwata dzasvika, saka tinovimba kuti wakavafarira zvakanyanya sezvatakaita pakuvaunganidza kuti vakuratidze kwauri. Kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo kana mipiro, rangarira kushandisa bhokisi rekutaura pazasi; Nenzira imwechete yatinokukoka iwe kuti ugovere izvi zvekupinda pane ako masocial network, nekuti iwe unogona kunge uine shamwari inoda surrealist nhetembo uye iwe uchiri kusazviziva.
Surrealism nhetembo nariini nariini. MuPeru isu tine avant-garde nhetembo senge yaValllejo uye Peña Barrenechea hama, chii chimwe! kune ruzivo rwenyika.
Kutaura sei nhetembo, pasina mapapiro echiedza achibhururuka?
... Pasina mhepo yebhuruu
Fema makenduru emweya.
Nhetembo, gamba chiito
Zvekutarisa kunze mugomba rakadzika dzika,
Mukutsvaga chiedza.
Kunyangwe nekuziva
Kufa
kumashure.
TROVALUZ