Iri chairo rakajeka uye risinganzwisisike guta reMesoamerican regore-risati rasvika reSpanish, nekuda kwekuti zviitiko zvakaitikamo izvo nanhasi hazvizive kwavari kana kuti zvakaitika sei zvave kuzivikanwa.
Kunyangwe kwayakatangira isingazivikanwe uye zvikonzero zvekusiiwa kwayo, kune mamwe maratidziro uye hunhu hwetsika dzeTeotihuacán senge huwandu hwayo, bhizimusi raiitwa mariri, iro raive rakakosha nguva yacho, nekuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti Nguva dzekupembera kweguta uye tsika dzaro dzaive pakati pezana ramakore rechipiri nerechinomwe AD
Tsvaga nezve iyo Teotihuacán tsika
Izvo muchiSpanish zvinoreva nzvimbo iyo vanamwari vakauya kana kubva kana imba yevamwari, guta rakawanikwa neveMexicoa nzanga, iyo yaive yatove matongo panguva iyoyo, nekuda kweichi zita rekutanga reguta harizivikanwe. vagari vacho vakapiwa, uye dzinza ravo harisati razivikanwa.
Kunyangwe iri tsika isinganzwisisike nekuti hapana zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa nezvayo, imwe data yakaunganidzwa inova inokatyamadza uye inonakidza, senge zvivakwa zviripo mumatongo eguta semuenzaniso, ruzivo rwuchaburitswa pazasi ne kuremekedza hunhu hweiye anonyanya kufadza Teotihuacán tsika.
Dhata uye hunhu hwetsika dzeTeotihuacán
Kutanga kweguta
Inofungidzirwa kuti guta rakanga riine kutanga panguva Kristu asati auya, Kunyatso kutaura makore zana zvisati zvaitika, panguva iyoyo guta reCuicuilco rakatambura nekubuda umo vagari vaifanira kutama, vachisvika kuguta reTeotihuacán, saka zvinozivikanwa kuti vazhinji vevagari vemo vaive vanobva kune dzimwe nyika dzakasiyana.
Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, zvivakwa zveguta zvakatanga kurongwa, senge tsika nemagadzirirwo ayo senge mapiramidhi pamwe nemiganhu yawo.
Sezvo guta richifambira mberi mumatanho, huwandu hwevanhu pamwe nemuguta zvakakura, zvichisvika vakatenderedza 45.000 vagari uye 22 makiromita akaenzana.
Kwakatangira zita "Teotihuacán Tsika"
Zita rakapihwa neNahuatlacas nekuda kwechikonzero ichi riri mumutauro weNahuatl, nekuti budiriro yekutanga yeguta yakanga isipo panguva iyoyo, vakabhabhatidza se "imba yevanamwari" iyo iyo Mexica yakaramba ichishandisa, uyezve yaive yakabatanidzwa munhoroondo yekusimudzira magariro. VeMexico vaitenda kuti Tula akabva kune izvi, saka nharaunda iyi yaive Toltec.
Matanho ekutanga etsika yeTeotihuacán
Kunyangwe vaine ruzivo rudiki nezve kutanga kwehupenyu uhwu, zvinozivikanwa kuti vakatora mukana weCuanalán chikamu umo misha mizhinji yekurima yakatamira kuguta rinenge pakati pe500 ne100 BC Nhengo itsva idzi dzetsika, dzaive dzakahwanda munzizi uye mipata yemiganhu yeguta.
Zana ramakore gare gare kuvakwa kweguta guru kwaizotanga, kana guta guru remhemberero umo maifungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwevanhu hwaive nevanhu vangangoita zviuru zvishanu panguva iyoyo.
Geography yeguta
Iine chinzvimbo chisina kujairika panguva iyo yawakagadziridzwa, guta iri raive mumupata une zita rakachinjirwa kune rakafanana neguta, parwizi rweSan Juan, makiromita gumi nemashanu kubva kuLake Texcoco.
Parizvino inozivikanwa senyika yeMexico, mupata weTeotihuacán uripo, uyo une kukwirira kwepamusoro kwemamita mazana matatu nemazana maviri pamusoro pegungwa, uye mapani aro anosvika anenge 3200 2240.
Teotihuacan mutauro uye dzinza
Ruzivo rudiki rwatinarwo pamusoro peizvi runobva kuna Anahuac, avo ndivo vakasiya gwara rebudiriro iyi, zvisinei mukuunganidzwa kwedata renhoroondo rakaitwa mushure mekukunda Mexico, haana kutaura nezve budiriro iyi zvakadzama, asi taura chete nezve hunhu hwakataurwa neAnahuac.
Tsika yeNahua yaifunga kuti vagadziri veguta vakavakwa nehofori vaigara mune imwe nguva pamberi pavo, uye kuti mapiramidhi akavakirwa aishandira semakuva avo. Mujaho uyu wainzi Quinametzim.
Teotihuacan kuvaka
Zvivakwa zvakaita semizinda yemadzimambo, tembere nemapiramidhi ndizvo zvinonyanya kumira pakati pezvivakwa zvinoratidzira tsika dzeTeotihuacán, dzinogona kushanyirwa parizvino pasina dambudziko, kuziva hukuru hwenzvimbo ino.
- Piramidhi reMwedzi: chimiro 45 metres kumusoro, yakagadziridzwa kanokwana kanomwe pakati pematanho ekushanduka kweguta, iri diki pane piramidhi rezuva, asi ichikwanisa kumisikidza urefu hwakaenzana mukuona, sezvo ichivakwa munzvimbo yepamusoro.
- Piramidhi reZuva: ine kureba kwemamita makumi matanhatu nematatu ine hwaro hweanosvika mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu emamirimita, inoonekwa sepiramidhi yechipiri pakukura yenguva yeMesoamerican, uye yakakura kwazvo yetsika iyi, inogona kuonekwa kubva pamakiromita akati wandei kure.
- Quetzalpapálotl Muzinda: kuve hunhu chaihwo hwetsika iyi, ine chimiro chakanyatsogadzirwa nezvakanaka zvemidziyo, yaive nemabhururu akavezwa akatenderedza chimiro chayo chose, yaive imba yamambo yevapristi vetsika, uye zvaifungidzirwawo kuti vepamusoro chete ndivo vaigara imomo teotihuacana .
Kukura kwetsika dzeTeotihuacan
Guta rakakwanisa kubatanidza simba raro rematunhu muchikamu cheTlamimilolpa, chakaitika kwakatenderedza 250 BC, iyo yakapararira munzvimbo yese yeMesoamerican. Pakati peino nguva kuvakwa kwekuvaka kwakapa kuwedzera kwePiramidhi reMwedzi iro raibatanidzwa nekuvigwa kwevanhu.
Iyo yakakwanisa kuve nemakumi maviri emakiromita makiromita muhupamhi, dzimba dzimba dzeveruzhinji zviitiko zvemarudzi ese, uye zvakare dzimba dzimba dzevagari vayo dzakaramba dzichikura.
Hukama hwekutengesa hwetsika dzeTeotihuacan hwaizivikanwa muMesoamerica yese, iyo yakapa kuzivikanwa kukuru mune zveupfumi uye zvemagariro, izvo zvakagadzirwa mukati menguva yeTlamimilolpa, umo mhando dzakasiyana dzekeramiki dzaigadzirwa nekugadzirwa munguva idzodzo, senge hari yakatetepa yeorenji.
Urbanism
Izvi zvinoenderana nekuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzakasarudzika mativi ayo ekumabvazuva aive chikamu cherwizi rweSan Juan uye kumaodzanyemba yaive chikamu cheCalzada de los Muertos. Pakati pavo grid yakaiswa iyo yaive yakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa kwezvivakwa zvekuvaka.
Nheyo dzekuvakwa kweguta dzakabatana nechiratidzo che cosmic icho budiriro yaive nacho, icho chaive chimwe chehunhu hunhu hwetsika dzeTeotihuacán, izvi zvinogona kucherechedzwa muhurongwa chaihwo hwaive nezvivakwa, izvo zvakazopa kuona kwakakosha kune nyeredzi.
Kuderera kwetsika dzeTeotihuacán
Kunyangwe kuve nevagari vanopfuura zviuru makumi manomwe nezvishanu, uye riri rimwe remaguta makuru uye akakosha munguva yeMesoamerican, muchikamu cheMetepec, zvekuvaka zvakaomeswa muviri, izvo zvaive zvakakosha zvakanyanya patsika iyi.
Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutama kwetsika yeCoyotlatelco munguva yeOxtotipac, izvo zvakakonzera kubuda kwevanhu, izvo zvinoita kuti nzanga yeTeotihuacan ibve muguta, ichisiya nzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda ine vanhu zviuru zvishanu.
Zvinotendwawo kuti munguva dzino kwakaitika mhando yekusanaya kwemvura iyo yakaunza husina kurongeka zvekurima, saka vagari vakasarudza kuenda kunotsvaga nzvimbo iri nani yekugara.
Chii chakaitika mushure mekudonha?
Pamwe vagari veguta Teotihuacán vakasarudza kutama nekuda kwekudzvinyirirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwaivapo munzvimbo iyi, kunyangwe zvisingazivikanwe kuti chikonzero chaive chii, zvinozivikanwa kuti vagari veguta iri vakapararira pakati petsika dzakasiyana dzemuno, vachirasikirwa nedzinza ravo. chitupa.
Nhoroondo yeTeotihuacán
Nhoroondo yeizvi, kunyangwe isina kunyatsotsanangurwa, mamwe data senge iyi tsika yaive mukwikwidzi mukuru weCuicuilco, kutanga nguva yayo, sekufungidzirwa mumakore ekutanga 1000 Kristu asati azvarwa.
Sezvinozivikanwawo kuti nguva yepamusoro yaive pakati pezana ramakore rechipiri kusvika rechinomwe, uye kudzikira kwayo kwaive kubva muzana ramakore rechisere zvichienda mberi, ruzivo rwacho rwusati rwazivikanwa, kunze kwekutama kwevaTeotihuacans.
Archaeology muguta Teotihuacán
Uku kwave kuri kwekufarira kwekuchera matongo, kuve chinangwa kubva muzana ramakore rechishanu nekuda kwezvakavanzika izvo zvakahwanda kubva munhoroondo yeMesoamerica yenguva idzodzo.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti guta rinogona kushanyirwa nevashanyi nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemakamuri aro, hongu inogara ichiperekedzwa negwara remunharaunda, uyo anoziva nzira yakangwara kwazvo uye yakachengeteka kuwana rwakanakisa rwendo pasina kurasikirwa nechero ruzivo rweese hunhu. yeiyo Teotihuacán tsika uye zvakavanzika zvayo.
Zvakanaka