Uropi inhengo huru yepakati sisitimu, inoburitsa mashandiro edudziro yeruzivo, mhinduro uye kutonga kwezvivakwa. Ichi chimiro chinozivikanwa nekuti haina simba rekuchengetedza iro rinoitendera kuti rishande, ndosaka richinyatsoenderana neropa kuyerera. Zvidzidzo zvekiriniki zvakafunga kuti zvinotora chete masekondi gumi ekusavapo kana kuderera kweropa (ischemia), kuti munhu arasike kuziva, uye kubva pamasekondi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri, kuti tione zvakakosha zvinoitika mumunhu.
Pamusana peizvi, muviri wedu ine chivakwa chakagadzirwa neyakaumbwa-yakaita arterial system, iro rine basa rekutanga kusimbisa kumanikidza kweshanduko mumuviri, kudzivirira kuyerera kweropa kuenda kuuropi kubva pakuchinjwa. Iyi network yemitsipa, inozivikanwa se polygon yaWillis.
Chii chinonzi polygon uye chakaumbwa sei?
Kuitwa kwechimiro ichi kwakatemwa neChirungu chiremba wezveuropi Thomas Willis, uyo muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX aive wekutanga kuratidza mashandiro ayo, uye kukosha kwayo kwehuropi. Inoumbwa nechimiro, chiri muchadenga leptomeningeal (subarachnoid) uye inzvimbo yenzvimbo yeuropi yakatemwa ne arachnoid (yepakati meninge) uye Zvakare mater (mukati meninge). Iyo polygon yaWillis, ine mhete yechimiro, uye inoumbwa neseti yemidziyo uye tsinga, iro rine basa rakakura kugadzirisa kuyerera kweropa kunhengo dzepakati tsinga system, senge huropi neiyo encephalon.
Tsinga nhanhatu, dzinotakura ropa kuenda kuuropi, dzakabatana nenzira yekuda kuziva, iyo yakafananidzwa nehexagon, ndosaka polygonal denotation yeiyo Willis chimiro. Kunyangwe nyanzvi munzvimbo iyi dzakasimbisa kuti zvakajairika mune vamwe varwere vasina maitiro eschemic, kuwana chimiro ichi chisina kukwana. Pazasi isu tinopa mazita makuru etsinga anoumba chimiro ichi:
Main arteries anoita denderedzwa raWillis:
Yakagadzwa mudunhu yakavharwa, iyo inonzi hexagon yeWillis inonyanya kugadzirwa neanotevera arteri:
Anterior kutaurirana arteri (ACA): In the chaiyo nzvimbo yeuropi, tsinga iyi inowana kwayakatangira, ichibatanidza maviri epamberi europi tsinga, nehurefu hunofungidzirwa hwe4 kusvika 5 mm, kunyange zvichinetsa kufungidzira, nekuti misiyano yakawanda mukukura kwayo kwekufungidzira yakaonekwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akabatanidzwa neiyi arteri anowanzo kuve neshanduko mundima yekuona.
Mashure ekutaurirana arteri (PCA): Iyo ndiyo arteri yekutaurirana inotangira kubva kune anterior choroidal artery, uye ibasa rayo kumisikidza kubatana pakati pemitsinga mitatu yeiyo imwechete cerebral hemisphere. Iyo yakajairika hutachiona iyo inogona kukura mune ino chimiro ndeye yekumashure yekutaurirana arteri aneurysm.
Tsinga yemaziso: Inoenda kubva ku anterior clinoid maitiro, kudyisa tsinga yemaziso. Inoita chibvumirano chebazi remukati carotid tsinga.
Yekunze carotid arteri: Ndiyo imwe yetsinga huru dziri muuropi hwemunhu, ichibva kune yakajairwa carotid. Iyi ndiyo arteri iyo inotibvumidza isu kutora iyo carotid pulse, uye inove matavi kuita matanhatu akakosha mabifurcations maererano neropa reropa kune akakwirira zvivakwa.
Tsinga yeBasilar: Iyo ndiyo arteri yakakurumbira inotangira munzvimbo yemubatanidzwa yerudyi neruboshwe, iro basa rayo nderekutakura ropa rakafemerwa kuenda kuuropi.
Kukosha kweropajenijeni yeuropi
Nhengo dzese dzinoda kuyerera kweropa kuti dzishande nemazvo, nekuti ichi chirume ndicho chinhu chikuru chekutakura mishonga nezvakakosha zvinhu, izvo zvivakwa zvese zvakakosha zvinoda kukura kwavo kwakakodzera. Panyaya yehuropi, kupihwa kwe okisijeni inopfuudzwa neropa kunokosheswa uye kunotendera kuti ishande. Uye kukosha kwayo kunoyemurika mukuti masekondi mashoma pasina kuwanikwa kwakajairika kwemvura yakakosha kunogona kududzira kuita kunodiwa mune mota nemagariro emunhu (zvinoenderana nenzvimbo panotadza kuitika).
Maitiro ekuita kweiyo hexagon yaWillis
Iyo Willis renji inonyanya kuita basa rekuita iyo kutenderera kwekutenderera, iyo inogadzira nzira yekuchengetedza padanho rezvakakura zvimiro zveiyo yepakati tsinga system. Kutenderera kwecollateral kunoreva kuyerera kweropa kunoitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu umo kuyerera kwacho kwashandurwa (kuderera kana kumira), uye kunyangwe chiito chayo chisingakwanise kutsiva mashandiro etsinga dzinotarisira kudiridza, Iyi emergency system inobvumira kushanda kwakajairwa kuti kuwedzerwe kwenguva yakati rebei, iyo inobatsira kudzikisa zvakashata mhedzisiro, nepo murwere achiwana kurapwa.
Kana mamiriro ezvinhu evascular kuvharirwa akaitika, ayo anokanganisa kugadzikana kweropa kuyerera muzvimiro zvehuropi, kuwedzera kwekudzivisa kuyerera kunoonekwa mune carotid uye vertebral arteri, ndosaka kuderera kwekumanikidza padanho kunoitika. yeiyo Willis polygon iyo inotangisa kudzikamisa zviito, mukuyedza kurebesa kushanda kwakanaka, kwenguva yakareba yenguva inogoneka. Kukura kukuru kweiyo anastomosis, iyo huru mupiro wechibvumirano wezvivakwa zvevascular zvisina kubatanidzwa mukuvharwa. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, aya mamwe maekodhi anogona kuramba asingashande, kana nekushandisa kwakaderera kwazvo, uko pasina kuyerera kweropa kunoonekwa, asi pachinzvimbo kufamba kweropa kunoitwa, kunoitirwa kuchengetedza patency muchimiro, nekudaro uchidzivirira maratidziro akaita se thrombosis .
Kana ropa rerubatso risina kukwana kugutsa kudiwa kwekudiridzira mudunhu raipihwa neropa netsinga yakavharika, nzira dzechipiri senge kuwedzera kwemidziyo yekudzivirira.
Sezvauri kuona, muviri wemunhu unoumbwa nehurongwa hwakaomarara, uhwo hunoumbwa nezvivakwa zvinovimbisa chiyero chekushanda kwayo.
Yakabatana pathologies
Kuonda, kuomesa uye kuvharira tsinga ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera hutachiona hwakagadzirwa padanho repakati tsinga, uye izvo zvinomutsa kushanda kweiyo arterial mamiriro eWillis. Huru hutachiona hwakakonzerwa nematambudziko arteri akanyorwa pazasi:
Thrombosis: Inoumbwa neropa rinovhara iro rinogadzira chipinga padanho retsinga, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kuputika kwayo, mhedzisiro yakanangana neropa.
Aneurysms: Inosanganisira nzvimbo isina kusimba yeropa, iyo inotungamira mukuzvimba kwayo, iri mamiriro akakomba anogona kutungamira mukufa kwemurwere, nekuti mune zviitiko zvekuwedzera kweropa, kuputika kwemudziyo kunogona kuitika. Mazhinji aneurysms (zvinoenderana nekiriniki dhata yakakura kupfuura makumi masere muzana) inoitika mune yekumberi chikamu chedenderedzwa reWillis, saka vanachiremba vazhinji vakagumisa kuti chikamu chemavara chinokanganisa kubatana uku.
Tsaona yeCerebrovascular (CVA): Inoita chirwere chemwoyo kana sitiroko, izvo zvinotungamira kurufu rwevarwere vazhinji vanozviona.