Zvishandiso uye zvivakwa zve sodium hydroxide

Iyo inozivikanwawo se caustic soda, inogona kucherechedzwa nehunhu hwayo, senge iyo chena yakasimba ine hunyoro hwekumesa masimba anogona kunge ari mumhepo, ichiva ayo anowanzo shandiswa mune yayo yakasimba fomu kana ine mhinduro ye50% inenge .

Sodium hydroxide ine zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvemuviri, senge pakupinda mhinduro nemvura, inowanzoitika gadzira tembiricha dzakakwirira chaizvo, pamwe neayo makemikari zvivakwa senge ngura yayo inogona kucherechedzwa.

Nzira yakakosha yekuwana hydrogen iri kuburikidza neiyo caustic maitiro, umo mhando yehydroxide inowedzerwa neimwe sosi yekomboni.

Mune maindasitiri echikamu chechipiri chezviitiko zvehupfumi, mashandisiro ayo anogona kucherechedzwa kazhinji kuti akwanise kujekesa kusiana kukuru kwezvigadzirwa. Iyi komputa inoshanda zvakanyanya, nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwayo kukuru.

Nezve iyo sodium hydroxide, uye kuburitswa kweizvi muvanhu, zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kutumidzwa kuziva kana paine chero mhando yekusangana nekomboni iyi, izvi zvakakosha kwazvo kuziva, nekuti zvinogona kukonzera zvakakomba mamiriro mumuviri, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakaita seziso, ganda, uye nzira yekufema, uye nekutadza nzira yekufema.

Tsanangudzo ye sodium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide inogona kuwanikwa se yavaibvisa hydroxide, sodium hydrate, caustic soda uye kunyange caustic soda. Mumakemikari inogona kutsanangurwa nefomula NaOH, izvi zvine zvizhinji zvekubatsira mumaindasitiri sehwaro, nekuti iri caustic mhando hydroxide, nayo unogona kugadzira pepa uye zvigadzirwa zvaro, sipo, pakati pevamwe.

Kune zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa zve sodium hydroxide, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hukuru, sekushandira se dhonza opener, mapaipi, pakati pevamwe, uye zvakare inogona kupupurirwa mumaindasitiri emafuta ekugadzira matope ayo anoshandiswa kuchera-based mvura.

Makemikari zvivakwa

Ichi chinoumba chine kemikari reaction yehydroxide, saka inowana mazita ayo akaringana "sodium hydroxide". Pakati peakakosha maitiro emakemikari echikamu ichi pane mwero wayo wekuora, uyo wakanyanya kukwirira, uye nehunhu hwekuita.

Zvepanyama zvimiro

Kana sodium hydroxide iri patembiricha yemukati inogona kuoneka seyesikosikisi yekristini yakasimba, zvinoreva kuti ine kugona kutora mwando unogona kunge uri mumhepo, iyi hydroxide inozopedzisira yaora zvakanyanya.

Kana sodium hydroxide ikanyungudutswa mumvura kana kutapudzwa neacid, inokwanisa kugadzira tembiricha yakakwira, iyo inogona kuvesa zvinhu zvinotsva. Ichi chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa kuburikidza nekugadzira, ichive ayo akajairika mafomu ekushandisa mune yakasimba mamiriro, uye dzimwe nguva mumhinduro ine 50% mvura.

Sodium Hydroxide Reactivity

Chinhu ichi hachiwirirane nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semvura, mhando dzese dzemvura dzinogona kutsva, acids, pamwe nemakomponi akavakwa, pamwe nezvimwe simbi dzakadai se zinc, tin, nealuminium, izvo kana zvichisangana navo zvingangoita kuti zvikonzere. moto.

Iwe unogona zvakare kucherechedza iyo kuumbwa kwemunyu wakanyanya kubata, kana imwe mhirizhonga, kana ichionekwa kumakemikari e nitro, senge nitro-methane. Iwe unogona kuona kuumbwa kweinogona kupisa hydrogen gasi mairi.

Iko hakuna mamiriro anobatsira mukukanganisa kusagadzikana kwechikamu ichi, uye zvakare zvigadzirwa zvine ngozi kubva mukuora kwesodium hydroxide hazvionekwe.

Nekuda kweye ngura inounzwa nekomboni iyi, kufumura zvimwe zvigadzirwa kana zvigadzirwa kwazviri kunogona kukonzera kudzikira nekukuvara kusingadzoreke, pakati pezvigadzirwa izvi tinogona kutaura rabha, plastiki, uye kumwe kupfeka.

Nzira dzekuwana sodium hydroxide

Pakati penzira dzazvino uno dze Kuwana chikamu ichi neelectrolysis ye aqueous solution ye sodium chloride kana inozivikanwawo se brine, kunyangwe mazhinji maindasitiri anosarudza imwe nzira yechinyakare inoita nzira inonzi causticisation, iyo inoreva imwe mhando yehydroxide inosanganiswa ne sodium. Izvi zvinogona kunzwisiswa seye-chigadzirwa kana tsvina yakasara kubva mukugadzirwa kweklorini.

Kuti utsanangure zvishoma mashandiro anoita chimiro chemubatanidzwa, zvinogona kutsanangurwa seinotevera, sezvo electrolysis ichienderera mberi, machloride akaora, achitsiviwa zvachose nehydroxide ions, inosanganiswa nemakemikari esodhidhi, inokwanisa kuumba nekudaro yavaibvisa hydroxide.

Zvishandiso zvesodaidhi hydroxide

Pakati pekushandisa kwakakosha uko kunogona kupihwa sodium hydroxide ndiko kubatsira kwayo kwekutora aluminium kubva kubhauxite kuburikidza neBayer maitiro, pamwe nekushandiswa kwechikamu ichi pakubika maorivhi, uye mamwe marudzi emhando dzayo.

Iyo inoshandiswa kubvisa pendi yekare kubva kumidziyo, pamwe neyechinyakare mafuta pendi inobvisa. Inogona kuwanikwa mune zvakajairika zvigadzirwa senge yekugezesa machenesa uye ovhoni inogeza.

Pakati pe zvishandiso zvinogona kugadzirwa ne sodium hydroxide Iwo mapendi uye zvigadzirwa zve petroleum, makrayoni, sipo, mamwe marudzi ezvipuka, pepa, kuvapo kwavo kunogona kucherechedzwa munzira dzakadai sekuwachisa uye kuchenesa, kupfeka oxide, kwekugadziriswa kwemachira ekotoni, kubviswa kwemagetsi nemagetsi.

Mhedzisiro yekufumurwa

Kujekesa kune ino michina kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakomba kuhutano hwemunhu chero upi zvake, nekuti ine zvinhu zvine simba zvakanyanya zvinopisa zvinogona kukonzera kubva mukutsamwa kupfava kusvika kune zvinokuvadza zvemakemikari zvinokuvadza.

Nzira dzakaburitswa pachena nzira yekufema, zvinyama zvinoreva ganda, maziso, uye dzimwe nguva gadziriro yekugaya nekuda kwekukwanisa kumedza. Izvi zvinotevera njodzi dzinogona kukonzerwa nekuratidzwa zvakanyanya kune sodium hydroxide.

• Kuisa: Kana uchidya ichi chigadzirwa, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakazara kuhurongwa hwekugaya, nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hwakanyanya hunogona kupisa madziro emukati, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kwavari, pamwe nepane dzimwe nguva dzisina kusimba, chepfu inogona kucherechedzwa.
• Maziso: Kuratidzirwa kwemaziso kunogona kukonzera kupisa kwakakomba kwemakona, uye muzviitiko zvakanyanya zvakanyanya kusarura kana kutopedzisa kupofomadza.
• Ganda: inogona kukonzera ganda kupisa, uye kunyange maronda, pamwe nekugumbuka kudiki, kana kupisa kwakanyanya.
• Kufema: Muzviitiko zvishoma, kutsamwa kudiki kwemhino kunogona kuoneka, kunyangwe kana kukanyanya kuwedzerwa, uko huwandu hwakawanda hwe sodium hydroxide yakafemerwa, kutsva kwakanyanya kunogona kuoneka munzira yekufema, pamwe kunotungamira kurufu.

Kuchenjera kukuru kunofanirwa kutorwa kana uchishanda muzvirimwa panorapwa mukomboni iyi, nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwengura, nekuti inogona kukonzeresa mamiriro akaita seakaonekwa muchikamu chekutanga, uye kuti uvarape zvakakosha kugeza zvakafumurwa. nzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda, inwa mvura yakawanda kuitira kumedza, uye muzviitiko zvakanyanya enda kunzvimbo yezvokurapa nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona.