Mupfungwa yakaoma, izwi rekuti mushonga rakatsanangurwa nesangano reWorld Health (WHOkureva zvinhu zvinoporesa kana kudzivirira zvirwere; zvisinei, mazhinji acho anowanzo gadzira kupindwa muropa sezvo ivo vachigadzira mumunhu manzwiro enguva pfupi ehupenyu, nekudaro, chero munhu anoishandisa anoedzwa kudzokorora mashandisiro ake kuti awane iyo inonakidza mamiriro kakawanda. Kubva ipapo kunowana mamiriro ari kushandiswa neshoko iri, uye rinoreva iyo "kushandisa zvisizvo" izvo zvakapihwa kwairi.
Pakati pemhedzisiro huru yemishonga ndeye addiction iyo inogadzira, uye semhedzisiro yayo, akateedzana echipiri mhedzisiro anotorwa ayo anogona kuverengerwa se: epanyama, epfungwa uye ehukama. Tichifunga kuti zvinoshandura nzvimbo dzese idzi, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kunyangwe zvichishandiswa nevazhinji senzira ye "pukunyuka ", sezvo vachiwanzoona mune izvi zvinhu rutsigiro kutarisana neicho chaicho, mashandisiro avo ari kure nekumiririra imwe mhinduro, nekuti mutengo wakabhadharwa wakakwira zvakanyanya, nekuti zvinodhaka zvinoparadza mauroni ako, zvichichinja kugona kwako kwepfungwa uye nepfungwa, zvichideredza mikana yako.
Zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa sei kukura kwako kwakabatana?
Kunyangwe patinoyerwa, uye isu tikatevera kurairwa nachiremba, kushandiswa kwemakemikari zvinhu kunogadzira mhedzisiro mumuviri, iyo inogona kudzorwa kana tichiita pasi pemutemo wekurapa. Nekudaro, kana iri nyaya ye "kushandisa zvisizvo" umo kutsamira pane chinhu kunotitungamira kuti tidzokere shure, muviri unozowona kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pamusoro peizvi, hutano hwepfungwa uye kugadzikana kwepfungwa kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu zvichashandurwa zvakanyanya. Kune rimwe divi, kusimudzira magariro uye kugadzirisa kweavo vanovadya kunonetsa nekuda kwehunhu hunhu hunogadziriswa nekuchinja uye kuora kwemaitiro etsinga nemaitiro.
Pakati pemhedzisiro yemishonga yatinayo iyo inoparadza muviri wako, ichikanganisa hutano hwako, nekudaro kudzikamisa zviitiko zvako, kugona kwako kudzidza, hukama hwako nemhuri uye neshamwari, muchidimbu, zvinokukanzura muzvinhu zvese zvakakosha, kusvika pakuti hupenyu hwako hunoguma uchitarisa pavari.
Mhedzisiro yekutaridzika kwemuviri
- Kenza: Mumwe wemhedzisiro inotyisa yekushandiswa kwemishonga iyi mamiriro, anotsanangurwa mune akajairwa mazwi sekusaenzana mukuitika kwesero kupatsanurwa, izvo zvinounza kukura kusinganzwisisike mumatumbu nenhengo. Zvinodhaka zvinogona sei kukonzera chirwere ichi? Ndinoziva zvinonzwika zvichishamisa, mushure mezvose, zvakagadzirwa kuitira kurapa zvirwere, kwete kuzviburitsa. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kusingasarudze kwezvinhu izvi kunochinja muyero wemaitiro emakemikari emuviri wako, uye izvi zvinoshandura kuita shanduko yemagen'a nemaseru, uye ndipo panotangira kukura kwekukurumidza uku kunodaidzwa bundu, carcinoma, sarcomas, nezvimwe. Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuburikidza nezvidzidzo kuti chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru chegomarara remapapu kushandiswa kwefodya nefodya, izvo kunyangwe zviri pamutemo, zvinokuvadza hutano.
- HIV: Utachiona hunotyisa uhu hunobata immune yako kwazvo, uye hunoita kuti muviri wako ubatwe nezvirwere zvakadai se: pulmonary tuberculosis, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, mabayo, mamiriro eganda uye mamiriro emudumbu. Zvimwe chete, hutachiona uhu kurwisa immune system yako uye inopararira mune lymphoid tishu uye lymph node, zvinova izvo zvinobatsira muviri wako kuziva nekuzvidzivirira utachiona uye hutachiona, kuchikusiya uchinetswa nechirwere chisina kukuvadza sechando. Panguva ino unogona kunge uchishamisika Ndeipi basa rinoitwa nemishonga mune izvi? Huye, mishonga yakawanda inoiswa mukati, uye zvakajairika kuti majekiseni achishandiswa nevanhu vanoverengeka, kunze kweizvi, mararamiro evazhinji vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka haana kurongeka, uye anoonekwa nehunhu husina mutsigo uye husina kutsarukana.
- Cirrhosis uye chiropa mamiriro: La hepatoxicity Zvakajairika kune avo vanotora zvinodhaka nguva dzose, uye zvichienderana nekuwanda kwekumedza uye mhando yechinhu, zvinogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakakomba se: cirrhosis, fatty chiropa chirwere, uye kunyange chiropa gomarara. Zvakare, imwe yemhedzisiro yemishonga ndeyekuti ivo vanorwisa mapuroteni eiyo hepatocyte (iro reropa rechiropa) uye kupindura kwechinhu ichi kunogona kuve immunotolerance, inodiwa kesi, sezvo chinhu chakabatanidzwa uye hachikonzere kukanganisa kwakashata; asi zvinosuwisa, kesi dzekushandisa zvinodhaka dzinotungamira mukukanganisa uye kwehutachiona kuchiropa (hepatoxicity), kunova ndiko kutanga kwekumwe kukuvara kwakakomba.
- Mamiriro ezvinhu emwoyo: Mazhinji madhiragi izvo zvinokonzeresa matambudziko emwoyo nekuti semhedzisiro yemishonga, kupisa kwemuviri, kuwedzerwa kweropa uye nemoyo kurova. Cardiovascular chepfu haibvi padosi uye nzira yekutonga. Iko kusanganiswa kwayo nedoro kunowedzera kutsamira, ivo vane chepfu zvakanyanya uye vanogona kutungamira kune rufu mune vechidiki vane moyo yakagwinya. Zvinoenderana neakakosha kudzidza na Minnesota Varume Vemabhizinesi uye izvo zve Framingham, njodzi ine njodzi yekufa kamwe kamwe kwemoyo yakaratidzirwa kakapetwa kagumi mudenga mune vanoputa vechirume uye ne10 nguva dzakakwira muvakadzi vanosvuta uye vanoshandisa psychotropic zvinhu.
- Mimba: Munguva yekubata, mwana anoenderana zvakananga naamai, uye kukura kwayo kwakakodzera kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekudya uye nharaunda inoikomberedza (mamiriro anoshungurudza anogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya). Amai pavanomedza zvinodhaka, mwana anosangana nenjodzi dzakadai sekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana, kukundikana kwekukura, kusagadzikana, hupofu, kunyangwe hosha dzakadai seAIDS dzinogona kupfuudzwa kumwana. Zvakare kufa kwemucheche mugumisiro wezviitiko zvisingaperi zvekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Migumisiro yepfungwa
Kuvimba kunogona kufananidzwa nekushushikana, nekuti imwe yemhedzisiro yemishonga ndeyekuti inobata iyo system yetsinga, iyo inogadzira kuona zvisirizvo, maitiro epfungwa, paranoia, kushaya hope, kushushikana, uye mafungiro akachinja. Mhedzisiro inotyisa kwazvo yekushandisa zvinodhaka ndeyekuti sezvo nguva ichipfuura muviri wako ari kuva dziviriro kwavari, saka unofanirwa kukwirisa kudzokorora uye uye kana kuwedzera madosi.
- Kuderera kwezvimiro zvehuropi: Kana munhu akamedza chemakemikari yekunze ndizvo inogadzirisa makemikari ehuropi, iyo inokanganisa mashandiro akanaka ezvimwe zvivakwa. Zvichienderana nechinhu chakatarwa chinodyiwa, maitiro aachazogadzira muuropi achasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mimwe mishonga yakaita secocaine kana amphetamines inokonzeresa mauroni kuburitsa huwandu husina kujairika hwemaurotransmita Kune rimwe divi, zvinodhaka zvakaita sembanje neheroin, nekuva nemakemikari akafanana neaya ehutachiona hwehutachiona, anoita kuti neuroni ishandiswe nenzira isina kujairika.
- Paranoia: Uyu mugumo wakanangana nekusaenzana kweyeuronal semhedzisiro yemishonga. Izvi zvinoshanduka padanho rehurongwa hwemitsipa hunosanganisira kuparadzwa kweeuroni uye shanduko muzvivakwa zvakakosha senge hutsi hwebongo, cortex uye limbic system, inoshandura kuita zvisingadiwe senge paranoia, munhu akapindwa muropa anowanzo kusangana nezvikamu zvekunyengera kwepfungwa, kunozivikanwa nekuona zvisirizvo, uko munhu anoratidza kutya mune zvisiri izvo mamiriro (akagadzirwa neakachinja psyche).
- Kukanganiswa mukurara uye maitiro maitiro: Mishonga yakawanda inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinokurudzira (Muenzaniso: nicotine, cocaine uye amphetamines), izvo zvinoshanda kuburikidza nemaurotransmitter senge norepinephrine uye dopamine, zvese zviri zviviri zvine hukama nemhedzisiro inosimudzira kusvinura, kumuka uye kutarisisa mune inoshanda mamiriro enervous system. Kudzivirira kurara kuyananiswa, uko muzviitiko zvisingaperi kunogona kugara kusvika anopfuura mavhiki mana. Pamusoro pekushaya hope, sechibatiso mhedzisiro pane kuchinjika kwemaitiro emunhu, kushushikana, kutsamwa, shanduko uye kuita kwechisimba.
Migumisiro yemagariro
Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa mukuferefetwa kwakawanda zvakagadziriswa semhedzisiro yemishonga iyo tsika yeku kuiswa kwemurwere kwake ega. Chii chiri kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kuita zviitiko zvekusarongeka kwenzvimbo, zvichidaro zvichiwedzera mukana wekuita zvechisimba kurwisa nharaunda (kuba, kuuraya, kubata chibharo)
- Kuiswa kwemurwere kwake ega: Sechikamu chekusimudzira kupindwa muropa, munhu anowanzo suduruka kubva kunharaunda, kunyanya kana achiratidza kurambwa kwezvinodhaka, achihwanda mukati mawo achitya kuratidza kuvimba kwayo, zvakare semhedzisiro yemishonga muropa anokudziridza maitiro eparanoid uye hunhu hunomutadzisa kuchinjika kuti ashande munzvimbo dzemagariro.
- Urovha uye hurombo hwakanyanya: Huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vanoshandisa zvinodhaka hunodzivirirwa kupedzisa zvidzidzo zvavo zvekutanga, kungave nekuda kwekuderera kwesimba ravo rekuziva (chigadzirwa chekushandurwa kwemaitiro ehuropi), kana nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekurudziro uye kushomeka kwekufarira kwakabatana nemamiriro avo, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi vanoshaya hunyanzvi hwekunyorera mabasa anokwanisa. Pamusoro peizvi, ivo havana kugadzikana uye kutsunga kuchengeta mabasa avanowana, kubvira iyo addiction zvinova izvo zvavanokoshesa muhupenyu, izvo zvinovatungamira kusavapo pabasa, uye kukudziridza hunhu husina kunaka senge kusatevedzera basa ravo, hukasha uye hukama hwakaipa nevavanoshanda navo. Iko kusakwanisa kukura munzvimbo dzakagadzikana dzebasa kunovatungamira kune mamiriro ehurombo, ayo anogona kushanduka kuita mamiriro emumigwagwa (vasina pokugara) nekuti muzviitiko zvakawanda munhu wacho anosiya imba yake achikurudzirwa nechido ichi chekuzviparadzanisa uye nekunzwa kwekusanzwisisa kuti kurambwa kwenzvimbo yemaitiro avo anokuvadza kunomutsa. Iyi panorama yese inogona kuwedzerwa kana akapindwa muropa ari muchengeti wevana, nekuti iri kure nekuvimbisa mamiriro ekugara anogamuchirwa.
Vagari vanotambura
Chikamu chebudiriro yemunhu chinokanganisa kukanganisa kupindwa muropa nezvinhu zvepfungwa zviri pakati pekuyaruka nekukura, nekuti muchikamu chino hunhu hunotanga kutsanangurwa, izvo zvinoita kuti munhu agadzikane uye aine tsika yekugara kwenguva refu yekuzvibvunza uye nyika yekunze, iyo inogona kumutsa nyika dzekuvhiringidzika dzinogona kutungamira mukushandisa zvinodhaka. Saizvozvovo, chishuwo chekubatana munharaunda chinogona kumutsa muvechidiki kutora tsika iyi inokuvadza.
Muchikamu chepasi, vanhu vanopinda mumatambudziko akadai sekuti: kurambana, kushaikwa kwemabasa, kufirwa, vari munjodzi yekugadzira zvinodhaka.
Semhedzisiro yemishonga, vakapindwa muropa vanova dambudziko munharaunda, sezvo vazhinji vavo vakanyura mumamiriro ehurombo hwakanyanya, nekuda kwekusasimba kwemuviri-kwepamoyo uye kutadza kugadzikana munharaunda, zvichivatadzisa kuzvitarisira, saka havagone kuzvipa ivo hupenyu hwakanaka. Zvizhinji zvezviitiko zvekushungurudzwa kwemhuri zvinosanganiswa nezvinetso zvemishonga pakati penhengo dzemhuri
Campaigns nezviito
Mushure mekuongorora mhedzisiro yemishonga mukusimudzira nyika, masangano mazhinji senge Sangano reAmerican States (OAS) uye World Health Organisation (WHO) vakagadzira zvidzidzo, umo zvakatsanangurwa kuti Kudzivirira kwekutangaMune mamwe mazwi, kudzivirira iye munhu kushandisa zvinodhaka kekutanga ndiyo kiyi yekurwisa dambudziko. Kunzwisisa kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvinokonzeresa kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kushayikwa kwenhungamiro chaiyo, uye kutaurirana kwakashata nevabereki, mishandirapamwe yakaitwa muzvikoro kumutsa muvana vachiri kuyaruka kuziva kwekukanganisa kunogadzirwa nemishonga. Pakati pemitemo inoitwa nenyika dzakawanda kusimudzira kwe mabasa ekuwedzera-chikoro izvo zvinoita kuti vana nevechiri kuyaruka vagare munzvimbo dzine hutano, uko kuzorora kunodzivirirwa kubva pakuvatungamira kuti vashandise zvinhu izvi. Kuvapo muzvikoro zve vadzidzisi uye varairidzi, ita kuti vawane mazano kwavari panguva, inovatendera kuti vagadzire marongero uye zvinangwa uye kujekesa kusahadzika munzira kwayo.
Pamusoro peiyo mushandirapamwe wekudzivirira, sechikamu chezviito zvakanangana nekudzora kukanganisa kwedambudziko rezvemagariro aya, kurapwa kwakagadziriswa kutsigira avo vakagadzira kupindwa muropa. Pamusoro peiyo detoxification maitiro, ekuwedzera ekurapa akagadzirwa kuti kuderedze mukana wekudzokazve. Pakati pezvakawanda, ivo vanogona kutumidzwa mazita: kugadzirisa maitiro ekurapa, iyo yakavakirwa padzidziso yekudzidza munharaunda, iyo inotaura kuti maitiro evatengi anodzidziswa, uye nekudaro anogona kusadzidzwa kuburikidza nekutora hunyanzvi hwakasiyana; iyo kurudziro yekurapa inotsvaga kuti vanhu vaone shanduko mumaitiro avo; uye pakupedzisira pane zvinozivikanwa matanho gumi nemaviri ekupindira, iyo ine modhi yekudzoreredza, yakavakirwa pakurapa kwakagadzirwa neboka reAlcoholics Anonymous.