Ukukhulisa abantwana ayonto ilula kwaye nabani na ukuxelela ngenye indlela uyaxoka kuwe. Kananjalo, ukuba ukukhulisa abantwana "kunzima" kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kwaye uziva ngathi ubomi bakho butshintsha kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba ukuba umntwana uhamba inqanaba okanye imeko ethile emenza angazinzi ngokweemvakalelo, isimilo esibi siqhelekile kwaye Akusoloko kulula ukwazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuze usombulule ingxaki yengcambu.
Kukho abazali abacinga ukuba xa umntwana enomsindo kungenxa yokuba enengxaki yegunya kwaye Kuya kufuneka ubengqongqo ngakumbi kuye, kodwa akusoloko kunjalo. Kwangokunjalo, umntwana omncinci ongaziyo ukuba angahlala njani ayithethi ukuba unengxaki yokungakhathali okanye ingqalelo. Xa kuziwa ekuqondeni indlela yokuziphatha kwabantwana, isifo kunye neelebhile kufuneka zigcinwe zincinci.
Yintoni ingxaki yokuziphatha
Isiphazamiso sekota kufuneka sisetyenziswe ngononophelo kubantwana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 yeminyaka ubudala kwaye bakube bekule minyaka, ubunyani kufuneka bubuzwe. Iingxaki xa abantwana beneminyaka eyi-0 ukuya kwe-6 yobudala ayisoloko ibonisa ukuba baya kuba neengxaki ebomini babantu abadala okanye ukuba iingxaki zokuziphatha zibubungqina bokuba unengxaki yokwenene. Kukho iinkxalabo malunga nokwahlula phakathi kokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga ngeli xesha lotshintsho olukhawulezayo kuphuhliso. Kungcono ukuba nendlela ekhuselekileyo yokulawula iingxaki zokuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo kweli qela leminyaka.
Ukuziphatha kunye nokuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo ebuntwaneni bokuqala
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 uya kufumana isifo kwisifo esibi. Nangona kunjalo, banokuqala ukubonisa iimpawu zesifo esinokuchongwa kamva ebuntwaneni. Oku kunokubandakanya:
- Ukuqwalaselwa kwentsilelo yokuchaphazeleka kwengqondo (ADHD)
- Ukuphazamiseka ngokuchaseneyo (TOD)
- Ingxaki yesifo sengqondo (ASD)
- Ukuxhalaba
- Uxinzelelo
- Ukuxhuzula
- Iingxaki zokufunda
- Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi
- Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokuziphatha
Ukuphazamiseka okuchasayo, umzekelo, kubandakanya ukugqabhuka ngumsindo, okujolise kubantu abasegunyeni. Kodwa ukuxilongwa kuxhomekeke ekuziphatheni okuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nokuphazamisa ukusebenza komntwana. Ukuziphatha okungalunganga kukuchongwa okunzulu ngakumbi kwaye kubandakanya isimilo umntu anokusijonga njengesikhohlakele, kokubini kwabanye abantu nakwizilwanyana. Oku kunokubandakanya ubundlobongela ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nemisebenzi yolwaphulo-mthetho, isimilo esinqabile kakhulu kubantwana abakwiminyaka yobudala bokuhamba isikolo.
Okwangoku, i-autism iluluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki ezinokuchaphazela abantwana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya indlela yokuziphatha, intlalontle kunye nokuqonda. Zijongwa njengokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kwaye, ngokungafani nezinye iingxaki zokuziphatha, iimpawu zinokuqala kwasebuntwaneni.
Iingxaki zokuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo
Eyona nto inokwenzeka ngakumbi kunenye yezi meko zeklinikhi zingasentla kukuba umntwana wakho omncinci uhlangabezana nokuziphatha okwethutyana kunye / okanye ingxaki yeemvakalelo. Uninzi lwezi zidlula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zifuna umonde kunye nokuqonda kubazali.
Ngamanye amaxesha, iingcebiso zangaphandle ziyaqinisekiswa kwaye zinokusebenza ngokunceda abantwana ukuba bajongane noxinzelelo ngempumelelo. Ingcali inokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba afunde indlela yokulawula umsindo, indlela yokulawula iimvakalelo zakhe, kunye nendlela yokunxibelelana neemfuno zakhe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngezizathu ezicacileyo, ukunyanga abantwana kule minyaka kuyimpikiswano.
Ukukhulisa uMntwana ukuze aphumelele
Iindlela zokuba ngumzali kunqabile ukuba zibekek 'ityala kwiingxaki zokuziphatha kwabantwana, kuphela kukuziphatha ngokungakhathali okunokuthi kuchaze ukungaziphathi kakuhle kwabantwana, nangona oku kunokuvavanywa kuphela yingcali. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokusombulula iingxaki zokuziphatha zabantwana bakho, indlela elungileyo yokusombulula ingxaki ngoncedo lwangaphandle. Ngapha koko, abazali banendima ebalulekileyo kunyango lweengxaki zokuziphatha ezinokubakho ebuntwaneni bokuqala.
Imingcipheko yomngcipheko wokuziphatha kubantwana
Izizathu ezinokubangela iingxaki zokuziphatha azaziwa, kodwa ezinye zezinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:
- Isini: Amakhwenkwe asengozini ngakumbi kunamantombazana ukuba aphathwe kukungaziphathi kakuhle. Akucaci ukuba unobangela yimfuza okanye unxulunyaniswa namava entlalontle.
- Ukukhulelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa: ukukhulelwa okunzima, ukubeleka ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nobunzima bokuzalwa okuphantsi kunokubangela iimeko zokuziphatha kumntwana kamva ebomini.
- Ubushushu: abantwana ekunzima ukubaphatha, abanoburhalarhume okanye ndlongondlongo Kwasebuncinaneni kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise isimilo sokuziphatha kamva ebomini.
- Ubomi bosapho: Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokuziphatha kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kwiintsapho ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Umzekelo, umntwana usengozini enkulu kwiintsapho apho ubundlobongela basekhaya, intlupheko, izakhono zokukhulisa kakubi, okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi yingxaki.
- Ubunzima bokufunda: iingxaki zokufunda nokubhala zihlala zinxulunyaniswa neengxaki zokuziphatha.
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo: abantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba babe nengxaki yokuziphatha.
- Ukuphuhliswa kobuchopho: Izifundo zibonise ukuba iindawo zobuchopho ezilawula ingqalelo zibonakala zingasebenzi kangako kubantwana abane-ADHD.
Uxilongo kunye nonyango
Iziphazamiso zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo zinzima kwaye zinokubandakanya izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngokudibeneyo. Umzekelo, umntwana obonisa indlela yokuziphatha evukelayo unokuba ne-ADHD, unxunguphalo, uxinzelelo kunye nobomi bosapho obunzima.
Iindlela zokuchonga zinokubandakanya:
- Ukuchongwa kweenkonzo ezizodwa, ezinokubandakanya ugqirha wabantwana, ugqirha wezengqondo, okanye ugqirha wengqondo yomntwana
- Udliwanondlebe olunzulu nabazali, umntwana nootitshala.
- Uluhlu lokuziphatha okanye uluhlu lwemibuzo esemgangathweni.
Uxilongo lwenziwa ukuba indlela aziphethe ngayo umntwana ihlangabezana neendlela zokuphazamiseka ekuziphatheni. Kubalulekile ukukhupha uxinzelelo olunamandla olunokuthi lutshintshe indlela yokuziphatha komntwana. Umzekelo, umzali ogulayo okanye ixhoba labanye abantwana banokuba noxanduva utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha komntwana kwaye ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ekuqaleni.
Ngokumalunga nonyango, iya kuba yingcali eqeqeshiweyo eya kuthi icinge ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango olufanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Unyango ngokubanzi lubanzi kwaye luxhomekeke kwisifo esithile kunye nezinto ezinegalelo kuso, kodwa sinokubandakanya: imfundo yobuzali, unyango losapho, indlela yokuziphatha yokuziphatha kwengqondo, ulawulo lweemvakalelo, amayeza, njl.