Kubonakalisiwe oko chemistry yeyona sayensi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi Okwangoku, kwaye uninzi lwamashishini ludinga iinkqubo ezinjalo ukwenza zonke iimveliso ezifunwa luluntu ukuze zikwazi ukukhokela indlela yokuphila yale mihla, kwaye izinto ezilula njengokufaka iswekile kwikofu ziwela phakathi kweentlobo ezaziwayo iimpendulo zamachiza.
Ukwenza imveliso yeemveliso ezininzi, ukuba ayizizo zonke, kufuneka kwenziwe imichiza, nokuba yeyesitshixo, imveliso yokucoca, itayara, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.
Yintoni impendulo yamachiza?
Ukuphendula kolu hlobo kunokwaziwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo anje utshintsho lweekhemikhalis okanye izinto zeekhemikhali. Xa impendulo isenzeka, izinto ezimbini ezinokubizwa ngokuba zii-reactants zihamba ngenkqubo yokutshintsha kwemolekyuli ye-thermodynamic apho inokujongwa njengobume kunye nokunxibelelana kwayo, kuphele kwezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziimveliso.
Ezi nkqubo zi isihloko kwaye sixhomekeke kutshintsho lwemozulu, kuba ngamanye amaxesha iindlela apho iimveliso zimiselwe khona zinokwahluka kuba kukho ubushushu obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi, zombini ulwakhiwo lweemolekyuli kunye nolweebhondi zabo zingatshintsha.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukuPhendulwa kweMichiza
Ngaphambi kokwazi iintlobo zokuphendula esele zikho, kuyafuneka ukuba uqonde ukuba zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela inkqubo eyenziwayo ukuze yenziwe, kuba ukuba ezi nkqubo azaziwa, zinokuphathwa gwenxa okanye zingasebenzi. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela inkqubo yokuphendula kunokuba:
temperatura
Le yinto enefuthe elinobunzima obuninzi ngokwemiqathango yenkqubo yokusabela kweekhemikhali, kwaye oko kukuba ubushushu obungaphezulu okanye obuphezulu bubushushu, iimolekyuli ziya kuba nomsebenzi omninzi kunye namandla, ke umanyano phakathi kwabo luya kuba lukhulu ngakumbi ukusebenza., Ngelixa amaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ixesha apho impendulo inokuzibonakalisa lincipha ngokubonakalayo
Ukugxila
Xa izinto zikwindawo ephezulu yoxinzelelo, inqanaba lokuphendula likhawulezisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye oku kuchazwa ziikhemesti ezininzi ezidumileyo.
Uhlobo lokuphendula
Zonke izinto zahlukile kokubini kwifom yazo kunye nakwindlela eyakhiwe ngayo, ke oko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto ezixutyiweyo, uhlobo lwempendulo luya kutshintsha, kwaye ngenxa yoko isantya sayo kuba into eqinileyo ayikhawulezi njengegesi., Kwaye Unobangela woku kukuba okuqinileyo kuneemolekyuli ezixineneyo ngelixa iigesi zisasazeke ngakumbi.
Myalelo
Umyalelo apho izinto zinikezelwa khona ekuphenduleni zichaphazela uxinzelelo lwabo kunye nenqanaba lokuxutywa.
Kuxutywe
Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba uhlobo lokuxuba olusetyenziswayo luya kuchaphazela ngokukhawuleza isantya sokuphendula, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba ifanayo okanye i-heterogeneous.
Isentloko
Iicatalysts ziluhlobo lwenye indlela ethathwe zizinto apho kufuneka isuntswana lamandla ukwenza impendulo, ke ubukho bayo kule nkqubo buya kukhawulezisa impendulo.
Uxinzelelo
Uxinzelelo kunokuthiwa luxinano lwegesi ngaphakathi kwempendulo yemichiza, ke ukuba eli nqanaba liphakanyisiwe kwimixube yolu hlobo, isantya sokudibana kwemolekyuli siya kukhawuleza kakhulu.
Iindidi zokuphendula kwamachiza
Njengoko yaziwa kakuhle I-chemistry ibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwecandelo lezemizi-mveliso, kwaye ke ngenxa yoluntu ekubeni enye ihambelana nenye, oku kungenxa yokuba iinkampani zifuna ukwanelisa iimfuno zabantu ngokwenza iimveliso ezinakho ukuzisombulula. Ukwenza lo msebenzi unzima, kufuneka usebenzise iindlela ezininzi zokuphendula eziza kuboniswa ngezantsi.
Ukuphendula okungapheliyo
Kolu hlobo lokuphendula kwamachiza, imveliso yokugqibela inamandla ngakumbi kunokuba isebenze, enokubonwa kuba Zonke ezo mpendulo apho izinto zithatha amandla kufuneka benze inkqubo yokusingqongileyo.
Ukuphendula okumangalisayo
Kule meko, kunokuthiwa iimpendulo ezothusayo zichasene nezo zichazwe apha ngasentla kuba azifunxi amandla ukuze zenze inkqubo yazo kwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa zikhanyisa amandla okanye ngamanye amagama ziyikhuphele ngaphandle.
Ukongezwa kokuphendula
Igama loku linokuyichaza ngokulula, kwaye kukuba iimpendulo zokudibanisa zibizwa njengezo zinezinto ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu zokwenza into enye neyokugqibela enegama elihlanganisiweyo.
Ukuphendula kokubola
Xa sithetha ngokubola, sithetha ukuba umzimba, okanye kule meko ikhompawundi ilahleka kulwakhiwo lwayo, iya isiba zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ezinokuthi zithathelwe ingqalelo njengenkqubo echaseneyo nokudibanisa ukusabela.
Ukuphendula komlilo
Olu hlobo lokuphendula lunamandla kwaye luvelisa imithombo yobushushu kunye nokukhanya okunokudala umlilo ngenxa yenqanaba eliphezulu lamandla aphuma kubo. Luhlobo olukhawulezayo kakhulu lwe-oxidation.
Ukuphendula ngokungathathi cala
Ukuphendula ngokungathathi cala kuzo zonke eziqulathe iintlobo ezimbini zeekhompawundi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiasidi kunye neziseko eziye zafunyanwa kwiithiyori ezininzi ezisisiseko se-asidi ngokudlula kwexesha kunye nokuvela kwekhemistri ngokubanzi. Xa izinto ezimbini zolu hlobo zidityanisiwe, imixube ihlala ingenasiphelo, inika njengomvelisi umxube ongathathi hlangothi kunye namanzi.
Ukuphendula kwe-Ionic
Xa kutyhilwa iikhompawundi ze-ionic kwisinyibilikisi, impendulo ye-ionic iyabangelwa, xa oku kusenzeka iikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo zihlala zinyibilika kwaye ukwahlulwa kwe-ion kunokujongwa.
Ukuphendula kwakhona
Ikwabizwa ngokuba kukusabela okwehlisa i-oxide, kwaye oku kungenxa yento yokuba xa kusenziwa, into ilahlekelwa zii-elektroni endaweni yayo enye ke iyayidibanisa, ngelixa leyo ifumana ii-elektronon ithambekele ekunciphiseni ubungakanani bayo.
Ukuphendula ngokufuduka
Ibizwa ngokuba kukusabela kokufuduka kuba enye yezinto inamandla amakhulu kunenye, yiyo loo nto itsala ngokuzenzekelayo ukuxuba.
Impendulo ephindwe kabini
Iyafana nale ikhankanywe apha ngasentla ngumahluko kuphela wokuba ngaphambi kokuba enye yezinto itsalwe yenye inamandla amakhulu, idlula enye yezinto zayo iye kwelinye, ikhokelela ekuphenduleni kabini.
Ukuphendula kwenyukliya
Olu hlobo lokuphendula luyingozi kakhulu kuba linamandla aguquliweyo kubungakanani bayo, kwaye oku kuyenzeka ngenxa yokuba ayisebenzi nee-athomu zezinto, kodwa kunoko inenucleus efanayo .
Ezi zezimbalwa ze ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeempendulo zamachiza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kungekuphela kwicandelo leshishini, kodwa nakwintengiso nakwezentlalo, nangona kusekho ezinye ezininzi. Ukubaluleka kwazo kunokuqondwa ukuba ucinga ukuba ubomi buya kuba njani ngaphandle kokufumana nayiphi na imveliso enikwa luluntu.