Imibongo eyi-Avant-garde eyenziwe ngaBabhali abaDumileyo

Ukuqamba kwicandelo lobugcisa, inkcubeko, ifilosofi kunye noncwadi kuthathwa njenge- "avant-garde". Intshukumo eyaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX eYurophu yaza yanwenwela nakwamanye amazwekazi afana neMelika, apho yaba nefuthe elikhulu.

Kuncwadi, ngakumbi kwimibongo, i-avant-garde yavelisa indlela ebhalwe ngayo, apho i imibongo ye-avant-garde Khange basebenzise izibonelelo ezithile zegrama ezinje ngopelo oluchanekileyo kunye nezihlanganisi; kananjalo izithethe okanye izakhiwo ezazingahlonitshwa ngaphambili zazingahlonitshwa.

Iimpawu zemiBongo yeVanguard

Iimpawu zale mibongo zibenze babalasela, kuba ukongeza ekuthobeleni oku sele kukhankanyiwe, bakwabeka emngciphekweni ukuziqhelanisa nemibongo ngendlela yasimahla kwaphela; banokuyila amagama amatsha, sebenzisa iifonti ezintsha okanye uzobe imifanekiso enetekisi efanayo (eyaziwa njenge icalligram) okanye ukubakhapha.

• Iimbongi zisebenzisa imifanekiso ukubonisa izimvo.
• Imibongo ibonakalisa ukungoneliseki yimbongi ngendala kunye nokukhangela into entsha, i-avant-garde.
• Ulwimi lwemibongo lutshintshe kakhulu.
• Izihloko ekuza kuxoxwa ngazo zahluka kakhulu, zingaqhelekanga kwaye zinobuchule, ukuzama ukushiya ngasemva into engenantsingiselo kumntu omtsha.

Ngokusisiseko yayiyintshukumo apho amagcisa ayefuna ukushiya into yakudala kwaye enze ubugcisa obutsha kunye nezinye iindawo esizikhankanyile ekuqaleni kwesithuba. Nangona kunjalo, kwesi sihlandlo siza kujongana kuphela nemibongo ye-avant-garde, njengakwesinye isiganeko esenze ngaso Imibongo ye-baroque.

Fumanisa le mibongo ye-avant-garde eli-11

Phakathi kweembongi eziphambili ze-avant-garde esinokuzifumana UVicente Huidobro, uNicolás Guillén, uCesar Vallejo, uJorge Luis Borges, uOctavio Paz, uJuan Carlos Onetti, uMario Benedetti, uPablo Neruda, uOlioio Girondo nabanye abaninzi; Apho siza kukhupha khona eminye yemibongo yakhe ebalaseleyo yexesha lokuyinika kwaye siyonwabele.

1. 1914

Amafu phezu kwejet yehlobo
ebusuku
zonke iinqaba zaseYurophu zithetha emfihlekweni

Ngequbuliso kuvuleka iliso
Uphondo lwenyanga luyakhwaza
halali
halali
Iinqaba zineentsimbi

umbhali: UVicente Huidobro

2. Mncinane

Kangangeenyanga
ngefrikhwensi engaqhelekanga
Isipaji asizukundishiya neeleta zakho.
Iya kuba yi-amnesia yendoda
okanye mhlawumbi ndiza kuzifaka
kwikona ecocekileyo
kwigumbi lakhe lesidanga
isidala esidala
kwaye ngenye imini uzise kum
Iribhoni ePinki
zizonke
njengesidlo
kuba abalambileyo balibele
ungacinga ntoni
ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili
cataract ecacileyo
yothando kunye neenkumbulo.

umbhali: UJuan Carlos Onetti

3. ISebe

Cula kwincam yepine
intaka yema,
eyoyikisayo, kwi-trill yakhe.

Limi, utolo, kwisebe,
iyaphela phakathi kwamaphiko
nasemculweni kuyachitheka.

Intaka iqhekeza
ucula utshisa uphila
kwinqaku elityheli.

Ndiphakamisa amehlo am: akukho nto.
Cwaka kwisebe
kwisebe elaphukileyo

umbhali: I-Octavio Paz 

4. Iphupha

Ukuba iphupha beli (njengoko besitsho) inye
uxolo, ukuphumla kwengqondo,
Kutheni, ukuba bavuka ngequbuliso,
Ngaba uziva ngathi ubiwe ithamsanqa kuwe?

Kutheni kubuhlungu kangaka ukuvuka ekuseni? Ixesha
Isohlutha isipho esingacingekiyo,
isondele kangangokuba iguqulelwe kuphela
ukozela oko umlindo wakha

yamaphupha, anokuthi abonakalise
Iziqu zobuncwane besithunzi,
ye-orb engenaxesha engaziwayo

kwaye usuku luba sisipili kwizipili zalo.
Uyakuba ngubani ngobu busuku
iphupha, kwelinye icala lodonga lwakho?

umbhali: UJorge Luis Borge

5. Umfazi orhaxwayo evela ezulwini

Ibhabhathane ephothiweyo, isinxibo
ulenga emithini,
barhaxwa ezulwini, sisiphumo
phakathi kwemimoya kunye nemvula, yedwa, yedwa, idibeneyo,
ngeempahla neenwele ezidlakadlaka
kunye namaziko adliwe ngumoya.
Ukungashukumi, ukuba uyala
inaliti etsoloyo ebusika,
umlambo wamanzi anomsindo okutshutshisayo. Isibane esiluhlaza
isithunzi, isipha samahobe
ezaphukileyo ebusuku phakathi kweentyatyambo ezifileyo:
Ndiyakuma ndihlupheke
xa nditya isandi esicothayo esigcwele ingqele
usasaza ubomvu wakho ngamanzi.

umbhali: UPablo Neruda.

6. Umbongo kuMgangatho oPhakathi - uMario Benedetti

Umgangatho ophakathi
isityebi esiphakathi
isiqingatha sikhulisiwe
phakathi kwento acinga ukuba uyiyo kunye nento ayiyo
Phakathi umgama ophakathi ophakathi
Ukusuka embindini ujongeka ungalunganga
kwabantsundu
kwizityebi kwizilumko
uphambene
kumahlwempu
Ukuba umamela uHitler
uthanda isiqingatha
kwaye ukuba uChe uyathetha
medium nayo
Embindini wendawo
ukuthandabuza kwesiqingatha
yonke into imtsala njani (isiqingatha sendlela)
hlalutya isiqingatha
zonke iinyani
kwaye (isiqingatha sididekile) siyaphuma sinesiqingatha sepani
ke isiqingatha siza kubaluleka
abo bathumelayo (isiqingatha sezithunzi)
ngamanye amaxesha, ngamanye amaxesha, uyaziqonda (emva kwemini)
ngubani owayemsebenzisa njenge-pawn
kwi-chess engayiqondiyo
kwaye loo nto ayimenzi ukumkanikazi
Ke, isiqingatha somsindo
Uyalila (isiqingatha)
ukuba yindawo ekutyiwa kuyo ngabanye
abo bangaqondi
hayi isiqingatha.

umbhali: UMario Benedetti

7. Andazi ukuba kutheni ucinga

Andazi ukuba kutheni ucinga
ijoni, ndiyakucaphukela,
ukuba siyinto enye
mna,
eyakho.

Uhlwempuzekile, ndim;
Ndivela emazantsi, wena;
Ufumene phi,
ijoni, ndiyakucaphukela?

Kubuhlungu kum ngamanye amaxesha wena
uzilibale ukuba ndingubani;
gee, ukuba ndinguwe,
ngokufanayo nawe.

Kodwa ayisiyiyo loo nto mna
Kufuneka ndikukhumbule, wena;
ukuba siyafana,
mna,
yakho,
Andazi ukuba kutheni ucinga
ijoni, ndiyakucaphukela.

Ndizakubona mna nawe
kunye kwisitalato esinye,
ngamagxa ngamagxa, mna nawe,
Ngaphandle kwenzondo okanye mna,
kodwa ukwazi wena nam,
uyaphi mna nawe ...
Andazi ukuba kutheni ucinga
ijoni, ndiyakucaphukela!

umbhali: UNicolas Guillén

8. Akukho

Akukho! Ngentsasa endiza kuhamba ngayo
Ukuya kude, kwiMfihlakalo,
njengokulandela umgca ongenakuphepheka,
iinyawo zakho ziya kutyibilika ziye emangcwabeni.

Akukho! Ngentsasa elandelayo ndiye elwandle
ukusuka elwandle lomthunzi kunye nobukumkani obuzolileyo,
Njengentaka edakumbileyo ndihamba,
oothixo abamhlophe baya kuba ekuthinjweni kwakho.

Kuya kuba bubusuku emehlweni akho;
kwaye uya kuva ubunzima, uze emva koko uthabathe
Abamhlophe abazisolayo baqaqanjelwa.

Akukho! Kwaye kwiimbandezelo zakho
Kufuneka ndinqumle phakathi kwesikhalo sebronzi
ipakethi yokuzisola!

umbhali: UCésar Vallejo

9. Andazi kwanto

Andazi kwanto
Awazi nto
Awazi nto
Akazi nto
Abazi nto
Abazi nto
Awazi nto
Asazi nto
Ukudideka kwesizukulwana sam kunenkcazo yaso.
kwicala lemfundo yethu, kabani
Ukulungelelaniswa kwesenzo, kwaba ngaphandle kwengxoxo!
intsingiselo, iyaphikisana
ngokuthambekela kwethu kum-
imingxunya, ukuqiqa kunye
ukuphulula amalungu esini. (Ubuthuli,
eyona guttural kune
unga.) Ndicinga
ndiyakholelwa kwinto endiyikholelwayo
ukuba andicingi. Kwaye ndiyacinga
Andikholelwa kuyo
oko ndicinga ukuba ndiyakholelwa
"C antardelasran ngoluhlobo"
Kwaye uthini malunga
lakho llí llá lakho ba
bo jo ngu bo jo
ilas tá? wena? i
is is is is is
the ca the ca
Andenzi njalo
Ukugungxula ngamanzi kukugungxula
phezulu phezulu phezulu
ba! ...    ho!…!…!… ba!… ho!…

umbhali: UOliverio Girondo 

10. Olwandle

Leya ntaka ibhabha okokuqala
Uhamba kude nendlwane ejonge ngasemva

Ngomnwe emilebeni yakho
Ndikubizile.

Ndiyile imidlalo yamanzi
Phezulu kwemithi.

Ndikwenze waba mhle ngaphezu kwabafazi;
Intle kakhulu ukuba ubomvu ebomvu emva kwemini.

Inyanga iyasondela kuthi
Kwaye waphosa isithsaba epalini

Ndenza imilambo ibaleke
ezingazange zabakho

Ngokukhala ndaphakamisa intaba
Kwaye sijikeleze umdaniso omtsha.

Ndazisika zonke iiroses
Ukusuka kumafu asempuma

Kwaye ndifundise intaka yekhephu ukucula

Masimatsheni kwiinyanga ezikhutshwayo

Ndingumatiloshe omdala
othunga iihorizon ezisikiweyo

umbhali: UVicente Huidobro

11. Iqabane

Bayandibethela emnqamlezweni kwaye kufuneka ndibengumnqamlezo kunye nezipikili.
Bandinika ikomityi kwaye kufuneka ndingu hemlock.
Bayandikhohlisa kwaye kufuneka ndibubuxoki.
Bayanditshisa kwaye kufuneka ndibe sisihogo.
Ndimele ndidumise kwaye ndixabise wonke umzuzu wexesha.
Ukutya kwam kuko konke.
Ubunzima obuchanekileyo bendalo iphela, ukuthotywa, ukonwaba.
Ndimele ndizithethelele ngento endikhathazayo.
Ubutyebi bam okanye ilishwa lam alinamsebenzi.
Ndiyimbongi.

umbhali: UJorge Luis Borges

Los imibongo ye-avant-garde okanye i-avant-garde Zisoloko zingakholeleki, kuba beziyinxalenye yentshukumo ebisivumela ukuba sichithe izithethe zesintu ukuze senze izinto ezintsha size senze nolunye uluvo kwiminyaka elandelayo, enje ngobungxamo belixesha (kuthathelwa ingqalelo eli lixesha lezinye "ii-isms" ezininzi) .