Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuziwa kwinto egxile kuyo ikhemistri kukutshintsha kwezinto ziye kwabanye, ezibhekisa kuzo ukufundwa kweekhemikhali, kutheni kwaye zenzeka njani.
Kwikhemistri, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ulwazi olufunyenweyo lwento lusetyenziswa njani ukuba lukwazi ukuyichonga ngokukhululeka okukhulu kwaye lubele ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze angabinabungozi. Ukwakhiwa, ipropathi kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto zezona zinto ziphambili ekufundweni kwekhemistri, kunye nokuhlalutya amasuntswana kunye nemikhosi ebabambe ngokudibeneyo ukwenza ulwakhiwo lwezinto.
Yintoni ikhemistry?
I-Chemistry ubume bayo kunye nendlela esetyenziswe ngayo itshintshe kakhulu ukuba ithelekiswa naleyo yayisenziwa xa oosokhemesti babesaziwa njengabenzi bamachiza, kuba isayensi yanamhlanje inamandla kakhulu kwaye ichanekile kunokuba ibinjalo ngaphambili, kwaye oko kufezekisiwe ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha ethe yafakwa iinkqubo zophando lwesayensi neendlela zayo.
I-Chemistry Ujolisa kwizifundo zakhe kumba wehlabathi kunye nendalo iphela Ngokubanzi, ezona njongo ziphambili zayo ziipropathi, imigaqo-siseko kunye notshintsho olunokubakho kwimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezinokuchaphazela ubume bayo, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuqonda okuthe ngqo kokusebenza kwayo kunye nemida yayo.
Zonke ezi nkqubo zabhaptizwa ngegama lokuphendula kwemichiza, kwaye njengoko kunokubonwa, ikhemistri isekwe kuphononongo lwezi mpendulo, ezikhokelele amachiza ukuba enze iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye kubangele ukuvela kwamathandabuzo amatsha anje Kutheni le nto ukusabela kweekhemikhali kusenzeka? Uyenza njani impendulo yolu hlobo? Ke ngoko, kwiilabhoratri ezininzi zeekhemikhali kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo ziye zazanywa njani, zizixuba ukuze zifumane iimpendulo ezinqwenelekayo.
Le nzululwazi inabile kwaye iqulethe ulwazi oluninzi kangangokuba ukuba umntu angazama ukufunda yonke imixholo ekhe yafundwa ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla, angaphelela kwisiphumo esigqibelele ngokupheleleyo kulowo unqwenelekayo, kuba uya kuba ngumatshini ozenzekelayo ukusombulula iingxaki esele zikhona.zisonjululwe, kodwa awuyi kuba nakho ukusabela kwingxaki entsha ephakanyisiweyo.
I-Chemistry ithathwa njengeyona sayensi isetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje, kwaye oku kungenxa yokuba enkosi kuyo amakhulu eemveliso zinokwenziwa ezifunwa kakhulu kwaye ke imveliso kunye nemveliso kufuneka ibe nkulu, phakathi Iimveliso ezinesona sidingo siphezulu senziwe ngeekhemikhali ziinkqubo zokucoca, ukubulala izinambuzane, ii-antibiotics, iiplastiki, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
I-chemistry yanamhlanje ifundiswa ngendlela ebhetyebhetye ngokupheleleyo, ukuze iingcali zangomso zikwazi ukujongana ngokulula neengxaki ezinokuvela.
I-Etymology yegama "Química"
Ngokwenyani, njengoko kunokubonwa kwimbali yokuvela kwale sayensi, igama livela kwigama elalikade linikwa kumaxesha amandulo "i-alchemy" eyayifana kancinci naleyo yezifundo zekhemistri namhlanje, kuba Olunye uqeqesho ngaphakathi kuyo, olufana nesinyithi, ifiziksi, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngaphambi koKuvuselelwa, oosokhemesti babedla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziikhemesti ezitalatweni, kodwa kwade kwasemva kweminyaka yoo-1600 apho inzululwazi ababezenza yaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yikhemistri.
Akukacaci ukuba livelaphi kanye kanye igama chemistry, kwaye oku kungenxa yokuba kukho abantu abaneekhrayitheriya ezahlukileyo ngokunxulumene nokuba kuthetha ntoni na chemistry, nangona kukho indawo enkulu yoluntu evumayo kwinkcazo ebonakala inengqiqo ngakumbi kunale abanye baphakamisa kuba isitsho ivela kwi-khumus yesiGrike ethetha "i-juice extractor" ke iya kuba ilungele ukuba zeziphi izifundo zekhemistry namhlanje. Elinye lamagama eliye lanikezela okuninzi ukucinga malunga livela kwisi-Arabhu segama elibizwa ngokuba yi "al-kimia" kodwa kukwakho neengqikelelo ezininzi ezivela ku-chemi, Kimi okanye kham ezazindlela zokubhekisa kwi-Egypt. , ukuze ukuguqulelwa kwiSpanish kube "bubugcisa base-Egypt"
Utshintsho kwintsingiselo ye "chemistry"
Njengoko kuye kwabonwa kulo lonke eli nqaku, igama elithi chemistry litshintshile rhoqo, kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela indlela yokuthetha ngempucuko kumaxesha abo amiselweyo inefuthe kwiintsingiselo, kodwa nakwindlela inzululwazi eye yavela ngayo, ngenxa yezifundo zekhemistri ibonwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga iminyaka emininzi.
Xa Igama elithi chemistry laqala ukusetyenziswa nguRobert Boyle, ngubani owathiya igama, kwaye yaziwa njengenzululwazi efunda imigaqo-nkqubo yemizimba exubileyo, oku kususela malunga ne-1661, nangona kuphela emva konyaka kwakusele kukho umbono owahlukileyo wale nzululwazi, kuba yayikholelwa ukuba bubugcisa apho kwakusaziwa ngendlela yokunyibilikisa izinto emva koko ziphinde zibuyiselwe ndawonye.
Inkcazo yeyiphi ikhemistri efundwayo yathathelwa ingqalelo njengobugcisa ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 kude kube sekupheleni kuka-1830 yaqala ukuthathwa njengenzululwazi efunda imithetho kunye neepropathi zemolekyuli, yaqala ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kwaye yayisondela kwinto yaziwa namhlanje njengekhemistri, into eyavela kancinane yade yaban 1947 yayisele ithathwa njengofundo lwezinto kubandakanya ulwakhiwo lwabo, iimpendulo ezibaguqulileyo neepropathi zabo.
Ngethuba elifutshane le ngcamango yavela kwakhona ukuba yaziwa ngokuba yintoni namhlanje, kwaye ziphi izifundo ze-chemistry ukusuka ngo-1988 ukuya kutsho namhlanje zibalulekile kunye nemimandla ehambelana nayo.
Ukubaluleka kwekhemistri kubomi banamhlanje
I-Chemistry yabantu abaninzi inokuba yeyona nto bayithiye kakhulu ngenxa yokuntsokotha kwayo yenye yezona zinto zinzima kakhulu ukugqiba xa ufunda kuba ayinguye wonke umntu onomdla kwezi zinto, kodwa enyanisweni zeziphi izifundo zekhemistri kwaye oko ikuthethayo kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lobomi njengoko sisazi kule mihla.
Uninzi lweenkqubo zokwenziwa kweemveliso ezininzi ezisetyenziswa mihla le zifuna ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, kubandakanya zonke iimveliso zokucoca amakhaya, izithuthi, kunye nemveliso yezempilo.
Nokuba kuyenziwa iimveliso zentsimbi okanye izinto ezifanayo ezifana ne-zinc, i-iron, isilivere, igolide, phakathi kwabanye, kufanelekile ukuba bahambe kwiinkqubo zamachiza kuba iifom ezazifunyenwe ekuqaleni kufuneka ziguqulwe. Phakathi kweemveliso ezinokukhankanywa kolu hlobo ngamaringi, izitshixo, izixhobo, izitulo, iitafile, iiglasi, izixhobo zokusika nezinye ezininzi.
Iplastiki yenye yezinto ezisetyenziswayo kubomi banamhlanje, kuba ibonakalisiwe iluncedo kakhulu nangona abantu abaninzi beqhankqalaza ngenxa yokuba imfuno ephezulu yayo ibangele ungcoliseko olugqithisileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo kuba akunakwenzeka ukuthotywa.
Kwilizwe lefashoni, ezi nkqubo zinokujongwa kuba nezinto ezifana neplastiki sele ziqalisile ukuthatha ukubaluleka kokwenza iimpahla nezinye, nakwicandelo lobuchwepheshe ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweefowuni eziphathwayo, iitafile, iikhompyuter, kunye neelaptops zineplastiki phakathi kwezinto zabo.
Iyeza yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo ebomini babantu, kuba yeyona ndlela bajongana ngayo nezifo ezinokubangela nokufa, kodwa enkosi kwizifundo zekhemistri abakwazileyo ukuzazi izinto ezithile nokuzenza ukuwaguqula abe ngamayeza asebenza ukujongana nezifo.
Ngumcimbi wokucinga ngosuku olunye ngaphandle kwekhemistri kubomi babantu, iya kuba yinto eyoyikekayo kangangokuba naxa uphakama kwaye uya kuhlamba amazinyo ukuqala usuku akunakwenzeka, kuba intlama yamazinyo ifuna iinkqubo zemichiza ukuze Nokwazi ukuthatha ugqibile.