The law is a set of applied norms that grant equality, equity, balance, freedom, separation of functions to society to achieve a better coexistence.
The law is defined as all those rules formed to keep a control of social behavior, which is sanctioned if any individual of the same breaks them.
This can be classified by two branches which are differentiated by the person or entity to whom the obligations are directed, in case of being towards the state, it would be talking about public law, and when it is interpersonal, it is a private right.
Each of the aforementioned classifications have subdivisions which make them up.
Classification of private law
Commercial law
It is the set of rules that establish the parameters of businesses, by which they feel comfortable and safe when carrying out their transactions or sales, as the trade has grown with great speed, new laws have been created that shield the benefited by these rights.
An action is considered commercial, when it enters the field of commerce, which is why it will be affected by this type of right. This is also known as the "law of commerce."
Labor law: This set of rules regulates all types of work that exist, whether dependent or self-employed, ensuring that those involved in it have a balance in terms of work.
This type of right is also known as "social" or "work"
Civil law
Also known as the civil code, it is based on the protection of the whole of society, such as people in general, the family, property and what they have, work, housing, among other things.
This classification of law involves all those who make up a community.
Classification of public law
Administrative law
It is the set of legal rules that regulate the administrative process of the state, which is responsible for maintaining the common good of the state in general, its services, the community, among other factors.
When there is any failure in legal or juridical processes or that simply have to do with the state, the citizen may resort to the lawsuit, to exercise their rights, in the face of obstacles that some entity wants to interpose.
Criminal law
It is made up of all the penalties that can be awarded to individuals that affect the rights of other people, such acts can be: robbery, extortion, assault, among others.
This classification of law is necessary in society, because a small portion of the population is not interested in social welfare, and they should be punished, because if this is not done in this way, there would be chaos within the entire community.
There is also a state modality, which is security, which is responsible for preventing this type of situation.
Constitutional right
This controls all the rights of the state, relating the different governmental bodies with the citizens.
This is in charge of studying the concept of human rights, along with that of the constitution and the state.
Who defends the rights?
Lawyers bear in mind throughout the process of their professional education the fundamental bases of law such as equity, equality and the duties of citizens.
They work as a team to achieve their only objective, which is customer satisfaction with their services, advising and guiding them in legal situations of which anyone without these studies would not have the minimum knowledge.
These have some principles established in their profession, of which the main ones are respect for clients, orientation regarding legal issues, providing excellent service so that clients feel comfortable with them, and ensuring that under their legal guardianship will be assured the fulfillment of their rights before any legal entity.
The state and rights
This has all the power to contribute new laws to the constitution, this according to the needs of the affected society, of course this being guided by universal rights, such as human rights, which have as their main function the well-being of the entire human race , ensuring their freedom throughout the world.
For the drafting of a law of this nature, the participation of drafting lawyers, parliamentary lawyers, and parliament is necessary, which debates whether the proposed law can positively or negatively affect the population.
Criminal and civil law
They are mentioned because most of the lawsuits that can reach a court are due to the breaking of some law related to them, but there is a big difference between these classifications of law, which will be explained below:
- When homicide is committed, a serious offense is being carried out before the whole of society, this type of act enters into criminal law, and in these cases the prosecutor is the one who presents the cause of the same to the court. In the case of a civil law case, the case would be presented by the same victim.
- Criminal defendants enjoy certain protections that are not afforded to those in a civil case.
- In civil cases, the evidence may be unspecific, on the other hand when we speak of the criminal sphere, any existing doubt regarding the act committed must be clarified, presenting conclusive evidence at the time.
- Civil cases are not granted a lawyer paid for by the state, instead those who suffer from a criminal lawsuit have the absolute right to have the support of a lawyer, and if the lawyer cannot afford it, the state must grant it.
- The penalties imposed also differ, being in civil cases mostly monetary penalties, for the payment of fines, or for the elimination of permits or licenses.
- Civil cases are more common to be handled by a judge, although on rare occasions a jury may be present, whereas in criminal cases there is a jury by trial.