Philosophy is one of the most wonderful sciences that the human being has been able to study, through it we seek to find an exact answer to existential questions linked to the discovery of being. Philosophy has its origin in Greece, where the first philosophers were born to give meaning to the next generations dedicated to studying the phenomena that happen in nature in a rational way.
Several disciplines that precede it as an object of study of something in particular originate from it, for example, ethics, aesthetics, ontology and other branches that shape everything in the universe, that whole that cannot fail to have an explanation. or philosophical study.
What is the philosophy?
Love of wisdom born in ancient Greece, the term was born in the hands of Pythagoras. The first philosophers sought to give answers to a whole by the simple fact of acquiring knowledge. There are who they looked for the beautiful over the functional like Plato, or those who sought the logic or explanation of the phenomena that happened in nature in an explanatory way.
Little by little it was the ingrained beliefs of the Gods and their power to control the elements of nature that began to shape the philosopher, who was no longer satisfied with the idea that it is Zeus who makes the Heavens; Now, there was something beyond, beyond God, There is the to be and the discovery and exploration of being were the two premises that were based on the birth of philosophy.
Unlike religion, philosophy is not the object of faith in natural phenomena, it is an analytical and rational explanation of what cannot be understood; that is its main objective, based on the fact that there is an infinite universe that inhabits man.
In general lines, the truth, the beauty, the moral, the mind, the existence, the language and the knowledge; They are the object in question that will give a posterior conclusion of what it is intended to study.
What are the Philosophical Disciplines?
First, a philosophical discipline is a basic definition of a concept that aims to study a certain phenomenon in particular; based on the explanation of its elements and in a criterion related to said discipline. There are 8 main philosophical disciplines and they are the following:
Logic
It is not a formal science, but it is a discipline that is applied to the study of philosophy. It is one of the most important elements since it deduces a behavior or final result thanks to rapid discernment cognitive processes; without leaving behind the need to analyze in depth what you want to study.
The etymology of the word comes from the "logos" and is related to ideas, thought, reason or principle. That is why it follows that logic is the science that studies ideas.
Logic is used to make sense of something based on premises to reach a conclusion. Valid or not, the logic always looking for the rational over the esoteric.
Ontology
This discipline seeks to study the entities exist or not. The word "ontho" comes from the Greek language and means to be, so ontology, It is the study of being, of being. It goes hand in hand with metaphysics, which seeks to study the phenomena that occur in man through their natural structure.
Ethics
This discipline is one of the foundations of philosophy, it is a science that always seeks to discern the good from the bad based on moral principles and commitments with one's own being and society.
It gives you the ability to deduce the good behaviors from the bad ones according to the behaviors of the human being.
Values such as virtue, happiness, beauty, duty and fulfillment are pillars that support the study of human faculties from what is, as a whole. Ethics for its part, seeks a way to justify morality in a system in which it must be judged individually.
Placing limits between the good and the bad, makes new questions and ideas about what is considered good and what is no longer or is not bad constantly resurfacing. So ethics is nothing more than a moral judgment.
Aesthetics
In ancient Greece specifically, aesthetics had a relevant importance since a beautiful end was sought on what could have been considered functional. A) Yes, study the qualities that make something or someone beautiful, in turn studies art of course having as its main premise its beauty over the other factors that may have triggered the realization of said work.
Both ethics and aesthetics have a subjective character since a fairly clear judgment is required where the study of various elements that make up the object in question predominates.
Thus, considering "the beautiful" must maintain multiple approaches so that a philosophical conclusion can be reached and not a simple judgment of beauty. Always taking into account that the perception of beauty that each one has is different.
Epistemology
This discipline studies knowledge, it is, a compilation of historical, sociological and psychological facts able to specify an answer solid based on the acquisition of scientific knowledge.
Epistemology or the also considered philosophy of science, studies different degrees of knowledge and how the subject is capable of creating a relationship with the known object.
Gnoseology
Epistemology seeks to find the origin of knowledge, it is also known as the Theory of knowledge. Study in turn, the different cognitive processes that the mind performs to find the possible origin of the acquired knowledge.
Like the other disciplines, gnoseology has key premises to correctly implement it in a scientific analysis: “knowing how”, “knowing what” and “knowing”.
Axiology
Study the values, this discipline is of great importance since for the Greek philosophers the "value" is the meaning that is given to absolutely everything. Ethics is part of the fundamental values of philosophy itself.
It aims, in turn, to be able to distinguish between being worth and being, objectivity is again involved since the ability to judge the subject who studies or evaluates the object, has preferences and conditions related to their own perception of value.
A scale of values can allow a more equitable value judgment, however, axiology will always be linked to the ethical and aesthetic judgments of the philosopher.
Philosophical Anthropology
This discipline seeks to study man as a proper object of study and in turn as a subject who possesses philosophical knowledge.
It differs from ontology since it does not seek to study man and the essence that characterizes him is, rather, that analyze the rational condition of the man differentiating it from the spiritual of the being giving opportunity to it.
The first question arises as the base pillar of anthropology What is man? For Kant, this premise encompasses the What can I know? What can i expect And what should I do? posed by ethics, epistemology and religion; thanks to this it is able to differentiate and define exactly the intention of philosophical anthropology.